Magnesium in nutrition and human health: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Milton Beychok
imported>Milton Beychok
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{subpages}}
{{subpages}}
{{TOC|right}}
{{TOC|right}}
'''Magnesium''' is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,<ref name="pmid14970378">{{cite journal |author=Draper DE |title=A guide to ions and RNA structure |journal=RNA |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=335–43 |year=2004 |pmid=14970378 |doi=}}</ref> or neuromuscular excitability.''"<ref name="pmid15001450">{{cite journal |author=Konrad M, Schlingmann KP, Gudermann T |title=Insights into the molecular nature of magnesium homeostasis |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=286 |issue=4 |pages=F599–605 |year=2004 |pmid=15001450 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2003}}</ref>
'''Magnesium''' is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,<ref name="pmid14970378">{{cite journal |author=Draper DE |title=A guide to ions and RNA structure |journal=RNA |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=335–43 |year=2004 |pmid=14970378 |doi=}}</ref> or neuromuscular excitability.<ref name="pmid15001450">{{cite journal |author=Konrad M, Schlingmann KP, Gudermann T |title=Insights into the molecular nature of magnesium homeostasis |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=286 |issue=4 |pages=F599–605 |year=2004 |pmid=15001450 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2003}}</ref>


==Relationship with other ions==
==Relationship with other ions==
Line 7: Line 7:


===Calcium===
===Calcium===
Also see Neurology<ref name="pmid16809360"/>
Also see Neurology section below.<ref name="pmid16809360"/>


===Sodium===
===Sodium===
Line 18: Line 18:


===Neurology===
===Neurology===
''"This fundamental advance was consistent with the idea that at negative potentials Mg2+ plugged the channel pore, which prevented ion permeation despite channel activation by the agonist. In contrast, membrane depolarization relieved the Mg2+ blockade to allow ion flux, which explained the enhancement in current responses at depolarized potentials."''
 
<ref name="pmid16809360">{{cite journal |author=McBain CJ, Traynelis SF |title=Malevolent lurkers no more: NMDA receptors come of age |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=575 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=317–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16809360 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114629}}</ref>
This fundamental advance was consistent with the idea that at negative potentials Mg2+ plugged the channel pore, which prevented ion permeation despite channel activation by the agonist. In contrast, membrane depolarization relieved the Mg2+ blockade to allow ion flux, which explained the enhancement in current responses at depolarized potentials.<ref name="pmid16809360">{{cite journal |author=McBain CJ, Traynelis SF |title=Malevolent lurkers no more: NMDA receptors come of age |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=575 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=317–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16809360 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114629}}</ref>


====Stroke====
====Stroke====


Magnesium in stroke treatment<ref name="pmid12496316">{{cite journal |author=Muir KW |title=Magnesium in stroke treatment |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=78 |issue=925 |pages=641–5 |year=2002 |pmid=12496316 |doi=}}</ref>. Also see ''Emergency medicine'' and ''Causes of magnesium losses''
Magnesium in stroke treatment<ref name="pmid12496316">{{cite journal |author=Muir KW |title=Magnesium in stroke treatment |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=78 |issue=925 |pages=641–5 |year=2002 |pmid=12496316 |doi=}}</ref>. Also see [[Emergency medicine]].


===Kidney diseases===
===Kidney diseases===
Line 30: Line 30:


===Cardiovascular disease===
===Cardiovascular disease===
''"Mg at optimal cellular concentration is well accepted as a natural ''calcium channel blocker''. More recent work shows that Mg also acts ''as a statin''."''Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals.<ref name="pmid15466951">{{cite journal |author=Rosanoff A, Seelig MS |title=Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals |journal=J Am Coll Nutr |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=501S–505S |year=2004 |pmid=15466951 |doi=}}</ref>
 
Mg at optimal cellular concentration is well accepted as a natural ''calcium channel blocker''. More recent work shows that Mg also acts as a [[statin]]. Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals.<ref name="pmid15466951">{{cite journal |author=Rosanoff A, Seelig MS |title=Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals |journal=J Am Coll Nutr |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=501S–505S |year=2004 |pmid=15466951 |doi=}}</ref>
 
===Obstetrics===
===Obstetrics===
New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency<ref name="pmid15637217">{{cite journal |author=Durlach J |title=New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency |journal=J Am Coll Nutr |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=694S–700S |year=2004 |pmid=15637217 |doi=}}</ref>
New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency<ref name="pmid15637217">{{cite journal |author=Durlach J |title=New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency |journal=J Am Coll Nutr |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=694S–700S |year=2004 |pmid=15637217 |doi=}}</ref>
===Emergency medicine===
 
<ref name="pmid12514257"/>
==Sources of magnesium==
==Sources of magnesium==
===Water===
===Water===
===Food===
===Food===
==Absorption==
==Absorption==
Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans<ref name="pmid12514257">{{cite journal |author=Coudray C, Demigné C, Rayssiguier Y |title=Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans |journal=J. Nutr. |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |year=2003 |pmid=12514257 |doi=}}</ref>
Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans<ref name="pmid12514257">{{cite journal |author=Coudray C, Demigné C, Rayssiguier Y |title=Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans |journal=J. Nutr. |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |year=2003 |pmid=12514257 |doi=}}</ref>
==Causes of magnesium losses==
==Causes of magnesium losses==
''HPA overactivity''


The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review<ref name="pmid12944451">{{cite journal |author=Dubé L, Granry JC |title=The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review |journal=Can J Anaesth |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=732–46 |year=2003 |pmid=12944451 |doi=}}</ref>
The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review<ref name="pmid12944451">{{cite journal |author=Dubé L, Granry JC |title=The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review |journal=Can J Anaesth |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=732–46 |year=2003 |pmid=12944451 |doi=}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:26, 17 April 2011

This article is developing and not approved.
Main Article
Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
 
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

Magnesium is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,[1] or neuromuscular excitability.[2]

Relationship with other ions

Focusing on single ions rather than on their mutual interaction often leads to artificial controversies in which K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ have each been claimed as the "most" important ionic determinant of pathologic processes such as hypertension.[3]

Calcium

Also see Neurology section below.[4]

Sodium

Potassium

The intracellular and extracellular milieus

Magnesium in disease

Neurology

This fundamental advance was consistent with the idea that at negative potentials Mg2+ plugged the channel pore, which prevented ion permeation despite channel activation by the agonist. In contrast, membrane depolarization relieved the Mg2+ blockade to allow ion flux, which explained the enhancement in current responses at depolarized potentials.[4]

Stroke

Magnesium in stroke treatment[5]. Also see Emergency medicine.

Kidney diseases

Asthma and COPD

Cardiovascular disease

Mg at optimal cellular concentration is well accepted as a natural calcium channel blocker. More recent work shows that Mg also acts as a statin. Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals.[6]

Obstetrics

New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency[7]

Sources of magnesium

Water

Food

Absorption

Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans[8]

Causes of magnesium losses

The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review[9]

References

  1. Draper DE (2004). "A guide to ions and RNA structure". RNA 10 (3): 335–43. PMID 14970378[e]
  2. Konrad M, Schlingmann KP, Gudermann T (2004). "Insights into the molecular nature of magnesium homeostasis". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 286 (4): F599–605. DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2003. PMID 15001450. Research Blogging.
  3. Resnick LM, Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Veniero JM, Nicholson JP, Gupta RK (2001). "Relation of cellular potassium to other mineral ions in hypertension and diabetes". Hypertension 38 (3 Pt 2): 709–12. PMID 11566962[e]
  4. 4.0 4.1 McBain CJ, Traynelis SF (2006). "Malevolent lurkers no more: NMDA receptors come of age". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 575 (Pt 2): 317–8. DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114629. PMID 16809360. Research Blogging.
  5. Muir KW (2002). "Magnesium in stroke treatment". Postgrad Med J 78 (925): 641–5. PMID 12496316[e]
  6. Rosanoff A, Seelig MS (2004). "Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (5): 501S–505S. PMID 15466951[e]
  7. Durlach J (2004). "New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (6): 694S–700S. PMID 15637217[e]
  8. Coudray C, Demigné C, Rayssiguier Y (2003). "Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans". J. Nutr. 133 (1): 1–4. PMID 12514257[e]
  9. Dubé L, Granry JC (2003). "The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review". Can J Anaesth 50 (7): 732–46. PMID 12944451[e]