User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions

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'''Piping''' is a system of [[pipe (material)|pipe]]s (hollow, cylindrical tubes) used to convey [[liquid]]s, [[gas]]es and sometimes other materials from one location to another within industrial facilities such as [[Petroleum refining processes|petroleum refineries]], [[chemical]] and [[petrochemical]] manufacturing, [[natural gas processing]], electricity-generating [[power plant]]s and many others. The adjacent photo depicts a complex piping system in an industrial plant.
'''Piping''' is a system of [[pipe (material)|pipe]]s (hollow, cylindrical tubes) used to convey [[liquid]]s, [[gas]]es and sometimes other materials from one location to another within industrial facilities such as [[Petroleum refining processes|petroleum refineries]], [[chemical]] and [[petrochemical]] manufacturing, [[natural gas processing]], electricity-generating [[power plant]]s and many others. The adjacent photo depicts a complex piping system in an industrial plant.


Industrial plant piping and the accompanying in-line components can be manufactured from various [[steel]] alloys, [[titanium]], [[aluminum]], [[copper]], [[glass]] or various [[plastic]]s. The in-line components are known as [[Piping and plumbing fittings|fittings]] and [[valves]]. [[Process control]] systems use in-line sensors and [[control valves]] to monitor and regulate the desired [[temperature]]s, [[pressure]]s, [[flow rate]]s and process vessel liquid levels of the fluids being transported and processed. Piping  and control systems are documented in drawings referred to as [[Piping and Instrumentation Diagram]]s.  
Industrial plant piping and the accompanying in-line components can be manufactured from various [[steel]] alloys, [[titanium]], [[aluminum]], [[copper]], [[glass]] or various [[plastic]]s. The in-line components are known as [[Piping and plumbing fittings|fittings]] and [[valves]].  
 
[[Process control]] systems use in-line sensors and [[control valves]] installed in the piping to monitor and regulate the desired [[temperature]]s, [[pressure]]s, [[flow rate]]s and process vessel liquid levels of the fluids being transported and processed. Piping  and control systems are documented in drawings referred to as [[Piping and Instrumentation Diagram]]s.  


==Piping design==  
==Piping design==  
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The [[engineering]] discipline of [[piping design]] studies the efficient transport of fluid.<ref>{{cite book|author=Editors: Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W.|title=[[Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook]]|edition=6th Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company|year=1984|id=ISBN 0-07-049479-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Editor: McKetta, John J.|title=Piping Design Handbook|edition= |publisher=Marcel Dekker, Inc.|year=1992|id=ISBN 0-8247-8570-3}}</ref>
The [[engineering]] discipline of [[piping design]] studies the efficient transport of fluid.<ref>{{cite book|author=Editors: Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W.|title=[[Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook]]|edition=6th Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company|year=1984|id=ISBN 0-07-049479-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Editor: McKetta, John J.|title=Piping Design Handbook|edition= |publisher=Marcel Dekker, Inc.|year=1992|id=ISBN 0-8247-8570-3}}</ref>


Process piping and power piping are typically checked by pipe stress engineers to verify that the routing, nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under the appropriate [[ASME]] code.<ref>[http://catalog.asme.org/books/PrintBook/Process_Piping_Complete_Guide.cfm Process Piping: ASME B31.3]</ref><ref>[http://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B311_2004_Power_Piping.cfm Power Piping: ASME B31.1]</ref> This checking is usually done with the assistance of a ([[Finite element analysis|finite element]]) [[Stress analysis|pipe stress analysis]] program such as [[Caesar II (analysis program)|Caesar II]], [[ROHR2 (analysis software)|ROHR2]], [[CAEPIPE]] and AUTOPIPE.
The routing and layout of the pipes in a complex piping system is typically done by piping designers and pipe stress engineers who are responsible for the proper placement of pipe hangers and pipe supports. They are also responsible for making sure that that the thermal expansion and contraction of the piping is compensated for and that the allowable pipe stresses are not exceeded under the appropriate design codes and standards. The
 
nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under the appropriate [[ASME]] code.<ref>[http://catalog.asme.org/books/PrintBook/Process_Piping_Complete_Guide.cfm Process Piping: ASME B31.3]</ref><ref>[http://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B311_2004_Power_Piping.cfm Power Piping: ASME B31.1]</ref> This checking is usually done with the assistance of a ([[Finite element analysis|finite element]]) [[Stress analysis|pipe stress analysis]] program such as [[Caesar II (analysis program)|Caesar II]], [[ROHR2 (analysis software)|ROHR2]], [[CAEPIPE]] and AUTOPIPE.


==Plumbing==
==Plumbing==

Revision as of 18:36, 26 August 2008

(CC) Photo: R.B. Reed
Large-scale industrial piping.

Piping is a system of pipes (hollow, cylindrical tubes) used to convey liquids, gases and sometimes other materials from one location to another within industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical manufacturing, natural gas processing, electricity-generating power plants and many others. The adjacent photo depicts a complex piping system in an industrial plant.

Industrial plant piping and the accompanying in-line components can be manufactured from various steel alloys, titanium, aluminum, copper, glass or various plastics. The in-line components are known as fittings and valves.

Process control systems use in-line sensors and control valves installed in the piping to monitor and regulate the desired temperatures, pressures, flow rates and process vessel liquid levels of the fluids being transported and processed. Piping and control systems are documented in drawings referred to as Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams.

Piping design

The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid.[1][2]

The routing and layout of the pipes in a complex piping system is typically done by piping designers and pipe stress engineers who are responsible for the proper placement of pipe hangers and pipe supports. They are also responsible for making sure that that the thermal expansion and contraction of the piping is compensated for and that the allowable pipe stresses are not exceeded under the appropriate design codes and standards. The 

nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under the appropriate ASME code.[3][4] This checking is usually done with the assistance of a (finite element) pipe stress analysis program such as Caesar II, ROHR2, CAEPIPE and AUTOPIPE.

Plumbing

Plumbing is a piping system that most people are familiar with, as it constitutes the form of fluid transportation that is used to provide potable water and fuels to their homes and business. Plumbing pipes also remove waste in the form of sewage, and allow venting of sewage gases to the outdoors. Fire sprinkler systems also use piping, and may transport potable or nonpotable water, or other fire-suppression fluids.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Editors: Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W. (1984). Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. ISBN 0-07-049479-7. 
  2. ↑ Editor: McKetta, John J. (1992). Piping Design Handbook. Marcel Dekker, Inc.. ISBN 0-8247-8570-3. 
  3. ↑ Process Piping: ASME B31.3
  4. ↑ Power Piping: ASME B31.1

Further reading

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