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==The Emergency Response System: Real time dispersion modeling==
==The Emergency Response System: Real time dispersion modeling==


The NARAC emergency response central modeling system consists of an integrated suite of [[meteorology|meteorological]] and [[atmospheric dispersion modeling|atmospheric dispersion models]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Turner, D.B.|title=Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=1994|id=ISBN 1-56670-023-X}} [http://www.crcpress.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=L1023&parent_id=&pc= www.crcpress.com]</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Beychok, M.R.|title=[[Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion]]|edition=4th Edition|publisher=author-published|year=2005|id=ISBN 0-9644588-0-2}} [http://www.air-dispersion.com www.air-dispersion.com]</ref> The meteorological [[data assimilation]] model, ADAPT, constructs fields of such variables as the mean [[wind]]s, [[pressure]], [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]], [[temperature]], and [[turbulence]].<ref>Sugiyama, G., and S. T. Chan  (1998), ''A New Meteorological Data Assimilation Model for Real-Time Emergency Response'', 10th Joint Conference on the Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology, Phoenix, Arizona, January, 1998.</ref>  Non-divergent wind fields are produced by a procedure based on the variational principle and a [[finite element method|finite-element discretization]]. The dispersion model, LODI, solves the 3-D advection-diffusion equation using a [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|Lagrangian]] [[stochastic]], [[Monte Carlo method]].<ref>Ermak, D.L., and J.S. Nasstrom (2000), ''A Lagrangian Stochastic Diffusion Method for Inhomogeneous Turbulence'', Atmospheric Environment, 34, 7, 1059-1068.</ref>  LODI includes methods for simulating the processes of mean wind advection, turbulent diffusion, radioactive decay and production, bio-agent degradation, first-order chemical reactions, [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|wet deposition]], gravitational settling, [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|dry deposition]], and [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|buoyant]]/momentum plume rise.
NARAC maintains a sophisticated Emergency Response System at its LLNL facility. The NARAC emergency response central modeling system consists of an integrated suite of [[meteorology|meteorological]] and [[atmospheric dispersion modeling|atmospheric dispersion models]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Turner, D.B.|title=Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=1994|id=ISBN 1-56670-023-X}} [http://www.crcpress.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=L1023&parent_id=&pc= www.crcpress.com]</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Beychok, M.R.|title=[[Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion]]|edition=4th Edition|publisher=author-published|year=2005|id=ISBN 0-9644588-0-2}} [http://www.air-dispersion.com www.air-dispersion.com]</ref>  


The models are coupled to NARAC databases providing topography, geographical data, chemical-biological-nuclear agent properties and health risk levels, real-time meteorological observational data, and global and mesoscale forecast model predictions. The NARAC modeling system also includes an in-house version of the Naval Research Laboratory's mesoscale weather forecast model COAMPS.<ref>Hodur, R. M. (1997), ''The Navel Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)'', Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1414-1430.</ref>
NARAC clients access this system using software supplied by NARAC. With this system NARAC provides an automated product report for almost any type of hazardous atmospheric release anywhere in the world within 5 to 10 minutes.
 
When a client initiates a request via a phone call or interactively using the NARAC-supplied software online, the automated steps taken by the Emergency Response system are summarized below:
 
* Receive and process information about the hazardous release in what is called a Questionnaire.
* Collect meteorological data for the region around the release location and time.
* Determine additional model parameters not provided in the Questionnaire and execute the suite of sophisticated atmospheric dispersion models.
* Generate the requested product report that depicts the size and location of the release plume, the affected population, the health risks, and the proposed emergency responses.  
* Deliver the report to the client using the Internet, fax, or e-mail.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 22:09, 8 November 2008

The National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) is a national support and resource center for planning, real-time assessment, emergency response, and detailed studies of incidents involving a wide variety of hazards, including nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological, and natural emissions.

NARAC is a part of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) which is a premier applied science laboratory that is part of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).

NARAC's primary functions

NARAC's primary function is to support U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Department of Defense sites, and DOE consequence management (CM) teams for radiological releases through the DOE's Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) program. Under the auspices of the National Response Plan, NARAC assists other federal agencies and, through them, state and local agencies.

NARAC's support and advisory responsibilities are implemented by:

  • Providing tools and services that map the probable spread of hazardous material accidentally or intentionally released into the atmosphere.
  • Providing atmospheric plume predictions in time for an emergency manager to decide if action is necessary to protect the health and safety of people in affected areas.

Location and operational facilities

NARAC is located at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California (about 50 miles east of San Francisco).

The operational facilities operated by NARAC include:

To provide integrated emergency response support, NARAC collaborates with more than 300 federal, state, and local agencies and emergency operations centers. The center’s operational system responds to about 7,000 requests per year and has over 1,800 online users.

The Emergency Response System: Real time dispersion modeling

NARAC maintains a sophisticated Emergency Response System at its LLNL facility. The NARAC emergency response central modeling system consists of an integrated suite of meteorological and atmospheric dispersion models.[1][2]

NARAC clients access this system using software supplied by NARAC. With this system NARAC provides an automated product report for almost any type of hazardous atmospheric release anywhere in the world within 5 to 10 minutes.

When a client initiates a request via a phone call or interactively using the NARAC-supplied software online, the automated steps taken by the Emergency Response system are summarized below:

  • Receive and process information about the hazardous release in what is called a Questionnaire.
  • Collect meteorological data for the region around the release location and time.
  • Determine additional model parameters not provided in the Questionnaire and execute the suite of sophisticated atmospheric dispersion models.
  • Generate the requested product report that depicts the size and location of the release plume, the affected population, the health risks, and the proposed emergency responses.
  • Deliver the report to the client using the Internet, fax, or e-mail.

References

  1. ↑ Turner, D.B. (1994). Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling, 2nd Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 1-56670-023-X.  www.crcpress.com
  2. ↑ Beychok, M.R. (2005). Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion, 4th Edition. author-published. ISBN 0-9644588-0-2.  www.air-dispersion.com

See also

External links and sources

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