User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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'''''Decomposition reaction:''''' (may be '''''thermal''''', '''''electrolytic''''' or '''''catalytic''''' decomposition reaction) | '''''Decomposition reaction:''''' (may be '''''thermal''''', '''''electrolytic''''' or '''''catalytic''''' decomposition reaction) | ||
This is a reaction in which a chemical compound is separated into elements or simpler compounds. It is often defined as the | This is a reaction in which a chemical compound is separated into elements or simpler compounds. It is often defined as being the opposite of a synthesis reaction. Examples include: | ||
* [[hydrogen peroxide]] → water + [[oxygen]] (Hydrogen peroxide spontaneously decomposes into water and gaseous oxygen.) | * [[hydrogen peroxide]] → water + [[oxygen]] (Hydrogen peroxide spontaneously decomposes into water and gaseous oxygen.) | ||
::2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O + O<sub>2</sub> | ::2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O + O<sub>2</sub> | ||
* [[calcium carbonate]] → [[calcium oxide]] + carbon dioxide (When heated, calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide.) | * [[calcium carbonate]] + [[heat]] → [[calcium oxide]] + carbon dioxide (When heated, calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide.) | ||
::CaCO<sub>3</sub> + heat → CaO + CO<sub>2</sub> | ::CaCO<sub>3</sub> + heat → CaO + CO<sub>2</sub> | ||
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'''''Metathesis reaction:''''' (also referred to as '''''exchange''''' or '''''double displacement''''' or '''''double replacement''''' reaction) | '''''Metathesis reaction:''''' (also referred to as '''''exchange''''' or '''''double displacement''''' or '''''double replacement''''' reaction) | ||
This is | This is a reaction in which two compounds exchange bonds or ions to form new, different compounds. Examples include: | ||
* [[sodium sulfate]] + [[barium chloride]] → barium chloride | * [[sodium sulfate]] + [[barium chloride]] → barium sulfate + sodium chloride | ||
::Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + BaCl<sub>2</sub> → BaSO<sub>4</sub> + 2NaCl | ::Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + BaCl<sub>2</sub> → BaSO<sub>4</sub> + 2NaCl | ||
*[[silver nitrate]] + hydrochloric acid → [[nitric acid]] + [[silver chloride]] | |||
::AgNO<sub>3</sub> + HCl → HNO<sub>3</sub> + AgCl | |||
'''''Precipitation reaction:''''' (also referred to as '''''aqueous metathesis''''') | '''''Precipitation reaction:''''' (also referred to as '''''aqueous metathesis''''') | ||
Revision as of 21:57, 8 October 2010
Typical inorganic chemical reactions
There is no universally accepted list of the typical, important inorganic reactions. Although there are numerous available sources (books, journal and Internet websites) that include such lists, they all differ to some extent from each other. The inorganic reaction types listed and explained below were drawn from many of the available sources:[1][2][3][4][5]
Synthesis reaction: (also referred to as combination or composition reaction)
This is a reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product, where each reactant is a chemical element or compound and the reaction product consist of the two reactants. Examples include:
- 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
- CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
- 2H2 + S → H2S
Decomposition reaction: (may be thermal, electrolytic or catalytic decomposition reaction)
This is a reaction in which a chemical compound is separated into elements or simpler compounds. It is often defined as being the opposite of a synthesis reaction. Examples include:
- hydrogen peroxide → water + oxygen (Hydrogen peroxide spontaneously decomposes into water and gaseous oxygen.)
- 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
- calcium carbonate + heat → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide (When heated, calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide.)
- CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2
Single displacement reaction: (also referred to as substitution or single replacement reaction)
This is a reaction characterized by one element being displaced from a compound by another element. Examples include:
- copper + hydrochloric acid → copper chloride + hydrogen
- Cu + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2
- zinc + copper sulfate → copper + zinc sulfate
- Zn + CuSO4 → Cu + ZnSO4
Metathesis reaction: (also referred to as exchange or double displacement or double replacement reaction)
This is a reaction in which two compounds exchange bonds or ions to form new, different compounds. Examples include:
- sodium sulfate + barium chloride → barium sulfate + sodium chloride
- Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
- silver nitrate + hydrochloric acid → nitric acid + silver chloride
- AgNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + AgCl
Precipitation reaction: (also referred to as aqueous metathesis)
- calcium chloride + silver nitrate → calcium nitrate + silver chloride (Insoluble silver chloride precipitates out of the aqueous solution).
- CaCl2 (aq) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2AgCl (s)
Redox reaction: (also referred to as oxidation-reduction reaction)
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCotton - ↑ P.A. Cox (2004). Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Edition. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1-85996-289-0.
- ↑ Types of Equations From the website of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virgina Tech). A list of many similar, excellent chemistry articles are available here.
- ↑ Types of Inorganic Chemical Reactions By Dr. Anne Marie Helmenstine on the website of About.com: Chemistry.
- ↑ Types of Chemical Reactions By Dr. Anne Marie Helmenstine on the website of About.com: Chemistry.