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''This article is about the Channel Islands of California. For the islands in the English Channel, see [[Channel Islands (Europe)]].''
'''Ken Colyer''' (1928-1988; nickname 'The Guv’nor') was a British [[jazz]] trumpeter and singer who took part in the revival of classic New Orleans-style jazz in the 1940s and 1950s.


The term "'''Channel Islands'''" refers to at least the four islands on the south side of the Santa Barbara Channel, and sometimes also to one or more of four other islands, in the [[Pacific Ocean]] off the coast of southern [[California]].
Born in Great Yarmouth, England, Colyer first learned about jazz from phonograph records owned by his elder brother Bill. He had already learned to play a few tunes on the mouthorgan when, at the end of World War II, he joned the Merchant Navy, serving on a tanker, where he practiced trumpet and guitar in his free time. As a sailor he visited Philadelphia, Gibraltar, Italy, Aden, Oman, Haifa, and Copenhagen. He committed to memory a verse of [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s poem 'The Long Trail' -- he was living its subject mater -- and later set it to music and recorded it with guitar accompaniment.


The four islands included in all definitions of the Channel Islands are, from west to east: San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Anacapa, the last of which is actually several islands separated by narrow stretches of water. These four, plus Santa Barbara Island to the southeast, comprise the [http://www.nps.gov/chis/index.htm Channel Islands National Park].
In 1949 Ken Colyer, and his brother Bill (playing the washboard), joined [[Ben Marshall]]'s conceived [[Crane River Jazz Band]] -- practicing on the banks opposite the house of trumpeter [[Leo 'Sonny' Morris]]'s father. Colyer and Morris played a two-horn lead based on [[King Oliver]] and [[Louis Armstrong]]'s loose style, with horn playing variations to the lead. In the early days their sound was rough -- until trombonist and saxophonist [[John R.T. Davies]] pointed to the existence of musical keys -- and loud.


Three other islands (San Nicolas, San Clemente, and Santa Catalina, often called just "Catalina") are also included in some uses of the phrase "Channel Islands."
<!-- NOTE: I omitted the list of names of famous musicians who would join the band later; they could be mentioned in a separate article on the band itself. -->


==History==
In 1952 Colyer signed up as a sailor again to get to New Orleans;  now he was pleasing passengers and crew with his playing. Working as a waiter, he came to dislike and disdain the upper crust. He arrived in New York, then Mobile, Alabama, where he jumped ship and finally reached New Orleans with a trumpet mouthpiece. That night he heard and met the [[George Lewis]] band, and later in the week sat-in with them, learning all the time. They welcomed him with surprised pleasure: "Ain't that Bunk, George? That's Bunk, man," said pianist Alton Purnell, likening Colyer to the legendary trumpeter [[Willie 'Bunk' Johnson]], as they played ''Sister Kate''. The critic Dick Allen said Colyer was the only white man who contributed something to the band.


Humans have continuously inhabited the islands for at least 8,000 years; human remains dated to 13,000 years ago have been found on Santa Rosa Island.<ref>John R. Johnson, "Arlington Springs: The Earliest Evidence for Paleoindians in Coastal California," on the website of the U.S. National Park Service at http://www.nps.gov/chis/historyculture/arlington.htm, archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/5xBMpZ366, consulted 14 March 2011.</ref> At the time of European contact in 1542, the [[Chumash]] people lived on the northern string of islands, and used wooden canoes called ''tomol'' to travel to and trade with the mainland, using money made from olivella (sea-snail) shells. Indeed, the name "Chumash" comes from a phrase meaning "makers of shell-bead money." Many Chumash died as a result of exposure to diseases contracted from the Europeans; survivors suffered from depletion of resources by European settlers and from poverty resulting from exploitation under the Spanish [[Spanish missions in California|mission]] system.<ref>U.S. National Park Service, "Native Inhabitants," http://www.nps.gov/chis/historyculture/nativeinhabitants.htm, consulted 14 March 2011.</ref> The present-day Chumash people live on the mainland.
Colyer recorded with two local bands including that of bassist [[Albert Glenny]], 90 years old and the last surviving musician who could remember legendary cornetist [[Charles 'Buddy' Bolden]], who had died in 1931. The liveliest of their numbers was ''Ciribiribin'', which Colyer had never played before, and during which he missed the key change.  


San Nicolas island was also inhabited, by the Nicoleño people, all of whom left in 1835, except for one child accidentally left behind. This "Lone Woman of San Nicolas" was the inspiration for Scott O'Dell's popular 1960 novel ''Island of the Blue Dolphins.''<ref>Jan Timbrook, "The Lone Woman of San Nicolas," Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History website, http://www.sbnature.org/research/anthro/chumash/lowom.htm, consulted 14 March 2011.</ref> Other of the southerly islands were inhabited by the [[Tongva]] people.
Because he had overstayed his 30-day visa -- and possibly also because he had fraternized with African-Americans -- he was jailed for five weeks. Bailed out (without the aid of the British diplomatic service), he returned home to join a band whose lead trumpeter, Pat Halcox, had dropped out to study. It included [[Monty Sunshine]], the clarinetist from the Crane River band, and trombonist [[Chris Barber]]. The band recorded for only a year, but in that time saw one of its numbers, ''Isle of Capri'', enter the Top 5, a first for any jazz record.
 
The islands were Spanish territory until 1821, then came under the jurisdiction of newly independent Mexico, whose government encouraged cattle and sheep ranching on the islands. The United States acquired sovereignty after the [[Mexican-American War]] of 1846-48.
 
==Geography and Natural History==
 
==Economy==
 
==Government==
 
The islands are all part of the state of California. San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Barbara are in Santa Barbara County; Anacapa and San Nicolas, in Ventura County; and San Clemente and Catalina, in Los Angeles County.
 
The only incorporated town is Avalon, on Catalina Island.
 
==Transportation==
 
Visitors can go to any of the five islands in the National Park either via their own boats or by ferries from Ventura and Oxnard operated by a private company under a Park Service concession. There is also air service to Santa Rosa. Camping is permitted on all five islands but reservations are required.
 
San Nicolas and San Clemente Islands are military reservations generally closed to the public.
 
Santa Catalina Island is served by ferries and helicopters from several mainland cities.
 
==References==
 
<references/>

Revision as of 09:46, 4 May 2011

Ken Colyer (1928-1988; nickname 'The Guv’nor') was a British jazz trumpeter and singer who took part in the revival of classic New Orleans-style jazz in the 1940s and 1950s.

Born in Great Yarmouth, England, Colyer first learned about jazz from phonograph records owned by his elder brother Bill. He had already learned to play a few tunes on the mouthorgan when, at the end of World War II, he joned the Merchant Navy, serving on a tanker, where he practiced trumpet and guitar in his free time. As a sailor he visited Philadelphia, Gibraltar, Italy, Aden, Oman, Haifa, and Copenhagen. He committed to memory a verse of Rudyard Kipling's poem 'The Long Trail' -- he was living its subject mater -- and later set it to music and recorded it with guitar accompaniment.

In 1949 Ken Colyer, and his brother Bill (playing the washboard), joined Ben Marshall's conceived Crane River Jazz Band -- practicing on the banks opposite the house of trumpeter Leo 'Sonny' Morris's father. Colyer and Morris played a two-horn lead based on King Oliver and Louis Armstrong's loose style, with horn playing variations to the lead. In the early days their sound was rough -- until trombonist and saxophonist John R.T. Davies pointed to the existence of musical keys -- and loud.


In 1952 Colyer signed up as a sailor again to get to New Orleans; now he was pleasing passengers and crew with his playing. Working as a waiter, he came to dislike and disdain the upper crust. He arrived in New York, then Mobile, Alabama, where he jumped ship and finally reached New Orleans with a trumpet mouthpiece. That night he heard and met the George Lewis band, and later in the week sat-in with them, learning all the time. They welcomed him with surprised pleasure: "Ain't that Bunk, George? That's Bunk, man," said pianist Alton Purnell, likening Colyer to the legendary trumpeter Willie 'Bunk' Johnson, as they played Sister Kate. The critic Dick Allen said Colyer was the only white man who contributed something to the band.

Colyer recorded with two local bands including that of bassist Albert Glenny, 90 years old and the last surviving musician who could remember legendary cornetist Charles 'Buddy' Bolden, who had died in 1931. The liveliest of their numbers was Ciribiribin, which Colyer had never played before, and during which he missed the key change.

Because he had overstayed his 30-day visa -- and possibly also because he had fraternized with African-Americans -- he was jailed for five weeks. Bailed out (without the aid of the British diplomatic service), he returned home to join a band whose lead trumpeter, Pat Halcox, had dropped out to study. It included Monty Sunshine, the clarinetist from the Crane River band, and trombonist Chris Barber. The band recorded for only a year, but in that time saw one of its numbers, Isle of Capri, enter the Top 5, a first for any jazz record.