Nobel Prize/Catalogs/Physics

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Year	Laureate	Country	Reasons
1901	Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen	Germany	For the discovery of X-rays
1902	Hendrik A. Lorentz	Netherlands	For the discovery of influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena
	Pieter Zeeman	Netherlands
1903	Henri Becquerel	France	For researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel
	Pierre Curie	France
	Marie Curie	France
1904	Lord Rayleigh	UK	For investigations of the densities of gases and for discovery of argon
1905	Philipp Lenard	Germany	For his work on cathode rays
1906	J.J. Thomson	UK	For work on the conduction of electricity by gases
1907	Albert A. Michelson	USA	For optical precision instruments and spectroscopic and metrological investigations
1908	Gabriel Lippmann	France	For method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference
1909	Guglielmo Marconi	Italy	For the development of wireless telegraphy
	Ferdinand Braun	Germany
1910	Johannes Diderik van der Waals	Netherlands	For work on the equation of state for gases and liquids
1911	Wilhelm Wien	Germany	For discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat
1912	Gustaf Dalén	Sweden	For automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys
1913	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes	Netherlands	For investigations of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of liquid helium
1914	Max von Laue	Germany	For discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals
1915	William Bragg	UK	For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays
	Lawrence Bragg	UK
1916	No award		–
1917	Charles Glover Barkla	UK	For discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements
1918	Max Planck	Germany	For the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta
1919	Johannes Stark	Germany	For discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields
1920	Charles Edouard Guillaume	Switzerland	For precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys
1921	Albert Einstein	Germ.+Switz.	For services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect
1922	Niels Bohr	Denmark	For investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them
1923	Robert A. Millikan	USA	For work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect
1924	Manne Siegbahn	Sweden	For discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy
1925	James Franck	Germany	For discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom
	Gustav Hertz	Germany
1926	Jean Baptiste Perrin	France	For work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for discovery of sedimentation equilibrium
1927	Arthur H. Compton	USA	For discovery of Compton scattering
	Charles T.R. Wilson	UK	For paths of charged particles made visible by condensation of vapour
1928	Owen Willans Richardson	UK	For work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of Richardson's law
1929	Louis de Broglie	France	For his discovery of the wave nature of electrons
1930	Sir Venkata Raman	India	For his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect
1931	No award		–
1932	Werner Heisenberg	Germany	For the creation of quantum mechanics
1933	Erwin Schrödinger	Austria	For the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory
	Paul A.M. Dirac	UK
1934	No award		–
1935	James Chadwick	UK	For the discovery of the neutron
1936	Victor F. Hess	Austria	For discovery of cosmic radiation
	Carl D. Anderson	USA	For discovery of the positron
1937	Clinton Davisson	USA	For experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals
	George Paget Thomson	UK
1938	Enrico Fermi	Italy	For new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and nuclear reactions
1939	Ernest Lawrence	USA	For the cyclotron and artificial radioactive elements
1940	No award		–
1941	No award		–
1942	No award		–
1943	Otto Stern	USA	For molecular ray method and discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton
1944	Isidor Isaac Rabi	USA	For resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei
1945	Wolfgang Pauli	Austria	For the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle
1946	Percy W. Bridgman	USA	For apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and discoveries in the field of high pressure physics
1947	Edward V. Appleton	UK	For physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the Appleton layer
1948	Patrick M.S. Blackett	UK	For development of the Wilson cloud chamber and discoveries in nuclear physics and cosmic radiation
1949	Hideki Yukawa	Japan	For prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces
1950	Cecil Powell	UK	For development of photographic method of studying nuclear processes and discoveries regarding mesons
1951	John Cockcroft	UK	For their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles
	Ernest T.S. Walton	Ireland
1952	Felix Bloch	USA	For development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements
	E. M. Purcell	USA
1953	Frits Zernike	Netherlands	For phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope
1954	Max Born	UK	For research in quantum mechanics, for statistical interpretation of wavefunction
	Walther Bothe	Germany	For the coincidence method
1955	Willis E. Lamb	USA	For the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum
	Polykarp Kusch	USA	For the magnetic moment of the electron
1956	William B. Shockley	USA	For semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect
	John Bardeen	USA
	Walter H. Brattain	USA
1957	Chen Ning Yang	China	For parity laws in elementary particle physics
	Tsung-Dao Lee	China
1958	Pavel A. Cherenkov	USSR	For discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
	Il'ja M. Frank	USSR
	Igor Y. Tamm	USSR
1959	Emilio Segrè	USA	For their discovery of the antiproton
	Owen Chamberlain	USA
1960	Donald A. Glaser	USA	For the invention of the bubble chamber
1961	Robert Hofstadter	USA	For electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for the structure of the nucleons
	Rudolf Mössbauer	Germany	For resonance absorption of γ radiation and discovery of the Mössbauer effect
1962	Lev Landau	USSR	For theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium
1963	Eugene Wigner	USA	For theory of atomic nucleus, elementary particles, discovery of symmetry principles
	Maria Goeppert-Mayer	USA	For their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure
	J. Hans D. Jensen	Germany
1964	Charles H. Townes	USA	For quantum electronics, oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle
	Nicolay G. Basov	USSR
	Aleksandr M. Prokhorov	USSR
1965	Sin-Itiro Tomonaga	Japan	For quantum electrodynamics, with consequences for the physics of elementary particles
	Julian Schwinger	USA
	Richard P. Feynman	USA
1966	Alfred Kastler	France	For discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms
1967	Hans Bethe	USA	For theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars
1968	Luis Alvarez	USA	For elementary particle physics, discovery of resonance states, hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis
1969	Murray Gell-Mann	USA	For discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions
1970	Hannes Alfvén	Sweden	For magnetohydro-dynamics and applications plasma physics
	Louis Néel	France	For antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism, applications in solid state physics
1971	Dennis Gabor	UK	For the holographic method
1972	John Bardeen	USA	For theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory
	Leon N. Cooper	USA
	Robert Schrieffer	USA
1973	Leo Esaki	Japan	For tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors
	Ivar Giaever	USA
	Brian D. Josephson	UK	For predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, the Josephson effects
1974	Martin Ryle	UK	For radio astrophysics: Ryle for the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for role in the discovery of pulsars
	Antony Hewish	UK
1975	Aage N. Bohr	Denmark	For collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus
	Ben R. Mottelson	Denmark
	James Rainwater	USA
1976	Burton Richter	USA	For work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind
	Samuel C.C. Ting	USA
1977	Philip W. Anderson	USA	For theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems
	Sir Nevill F. Mott	UK
	John H. van Vleck	USA
1978	Pyotr Kapitsa	USSR	For discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics
	Arno Penzias	USA	For discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
	Robert Woodrow Wilson	USA
1979	Sheldon Glashow	USA	For theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, the prediction of the weak neutral current
	Abdus Salam	Pakistan
	Steven Weinberg	USA
1980	James Cronin	USA	For discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons
	Val Fitch	USA
1981	Nicolaas Bloembergen	USA	For laser spectroscopy
	Arthur L. Schawlow	USA
	Kai M. Siegbahn	Sweden	For high-resolution electron spectroscopy
1982	Kenneth G. Wilson	USA	For his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions
1983	Subramanyan Chandrasekhar	USA	For physical processes in the structure and evolution of the stars
	William A. Fowler	USA	For nuclear reactions in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe
1984	Carlo Rubbia	Italy	For contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction
	Simon van der Meer	Netherlands
1985	Klaus von Klitzing	Germany	For the discovery of the quantized Hall effect
1986	Ernst Ruska	Germany	For electron optics, and design of the first electron microscope
	Gerd Binnig	Germany	For the scanning tunneling microscope
	Heinrich Rohrer	Switzerland
1987	J. Georg Bednorz	Germany	For break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials
	K. Alex Müller	Switzerland
1988	Leon M. Lederman	USA	For neutrino beam method, the doublet structure of the leptons, and the discovery of the muon neutrino
	Melvin Schwartz	USA
	Jack Steinberger	USA
1989	Norman F. Ramsey	USA	For separated oscillatory fields method, the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks
	Hans G. Dehmelt	USA	For ion trap technique
	Wolfgang Paul	Germany
1990	Jerome I. Friedman	USA	For deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, the quark model in particle physics
	Henry W. Kendall	USA
	Richard E. Taylor	Canada
1991	Pierre-Gilles de Gennes	France	For generalization of methods for simple systems to more complex forms of matter, to liquid crystals and polymers
1992	Georges Charpak	France	For particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber
1993	Russell A. Hulse	USA	For the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation
	Joseph H. Taylor Jr.	USA
1994	Bertram N. Brockhouse	Canada	For neutron spectroscopy
	Clifford G. Shull	USA	For neutron diffraction technique
1995	Martin L. Perl	USA	For the discovery of the tau lepton
	Frederick Reines	USA	For detection of the neutrino
1996	David M. Lee	USA	For discovery of superfluidity in helium-3
	Douglas D. Osheroff	USA
	Robert C. Richardson	USA
1997	Steven Chu	USA	For methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light
	Claude Cohen-Tannoudji	France
	William D. Phillips	USA
1998	Robert B. Laughlin	USA	For discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations
	Horst L. Störmer	Germany
	Daniel C. Tsui	USA
1999	Gerardus 't Hooft	Netherlands	For elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics
	Martinus J.G. Veltman	Netherlands
2000	Zhores I. Alferov	Russia	For work on ICT, semiconductor heterostructures opto-electronics
	Herbert Kroemer	Germany
	Jack S. Kilby	USA	For work on ICT, for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit
2001	Eric A. Cornell	USA	For Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates
	Wolfgang Ketterle	Germany
	Carl E. Wieman	USA
2002	Raymond Davis Jr.	USA	For astrophysics, the detection of cosmic neutrinos
	Masatoshi Koshiba	Japan
	Riccardo Giacconi	USA	For astrophysics, the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources
2003	Alexei A. Abrikosov	USA+Russia	For theory of superconductors and superfluids
	Vitaly L. Ginzburg	Russia
	Anthony J. Leggett	UK+USA
2004	David J. Gross	USA	For discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction
	H. David Politzer	USA
	Frank Wilczek	USA
2005	Roy J. Glauber	USA	For quantum theory of optical coherence
	John L. Hall	USA	For laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique
	Theodor W. Hänsch	Germany
2006	John C. Mather	USA	For discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation
	George F. Smoot	USA
2007	Albert Fert	France	For the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance
	Peter Grünberg	Germany
2008	Yoichiro Nambu	Japan	For mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics
	Makoto Kobayashi	Japan	For origin of the broken symmetry, existence of at least three families of quarks
	Toshihide Maskawa	Japan
2009	Charles K. Kao	China+UK	For transmission of light in fibers for optical communication
	Willard S. Boyle	USA	For invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor
	George E. Smith	USA
2010	Andre Geim	Russia+Netherlands	For groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene
	Konstantin Novoselov	Russia+UK
2011	Saul Perlmutter	USA	For the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae
	Brian P. Schmidt	Australia+USA
	Adam G. Riess	USA
2012	Serge Haroche	France	For ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems
	David J. Wineland	USA
2013	François Englert	Belgium	For the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider
	Peter Higgs	UK

Source: Nobelprize.org