Japanese party government before World War Two: Difference between revisions
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While political parties were introduced to [[Japan]] during the [[Meiji Restoration]], '''Japanese party government before World War Two''' never was the dominant factor as in parliaments under the [[Westminster system]]. The first party cabinet was formed in | While political parties were introduced to [[Japan]] during the [[Meiji Restoration]], '''Japanese party government before World War Two''' never was the dominant factor as in parliaments under the [[Westminster system]]. The first party cabinet was formed in 1900, but Emperor [[Hirohito]] advised abandoning them after the [[March 1931 incident]]. Cabinets had varied in having military or party leadership. The last parties dissolved themselves in 1940. | ||
After the Restoration, [[Taisuke Itagaki]] formed [[Aikoku Koto]] (Public Party of Patriots), in 1874. It advocated a directly elected parliamentary system. | After the Restoration, [[Taisuke Itagaki]], along with [[Sojiro Goto]], [[Taneomi Soejima]], [[Shinpei Eto]] and [[Shigeru Furusawa]], formed [[Aikoku Koto]] (Public Party of Patriots), in 1874. It advocated a directly elected parliamentary system, but dissolved itself several months later. It was a predecessor of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and then the Liberal Party.<ref>{{citation | ||
| contribution = 1-9 White Paper for Establishment of Popularly elected Assembly | |||
| url = http://www.ndl.go.jp/modern/e/cha1/description09.html | |||
| publisher = National Diet Library | |||
| title = Modern Japan in Archives: Initial Steps toward a Constitutional State }}</ref> | |||
In 1882, [[Shigenobu Okuma]] founded the Rikken Kaishinto party (Constitutional Reform Party). This party, however, was not to have any governing role on its own. | |||
==Compromise== | ==Compromise== | ||
The [[Saiyukai]] party, formed in 1900 by [[Hirabumi Ito]], combined Ito's faction of government with the more liberal group under Itagakai. By 1918, [[Hara]] founded a government because he controlled a Diet majority, not that he was simply the Emperor's choice.<ref>{{citation | The [[Saiyukai]] party, formed in 1900 by [[Hirabumi Ito]], combined Ito's faction of government with the more liberal group under Itagakai. By 1918, [[Hara]] founded a government because he controlled a Diet majority, not that he was simply the Emperor's choice.<ref>{{citation | ||
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| year = 1977}}, p. 251</ref> | | year = 1977}}, p. 251</ref> | ||
==End of party government== | ==End of party government== | ||
After the [[May 15 | After the [[May 15 incident]] of 1931, in which radical young officers assassinated the Prime Minister, Hirohito and his advisers chose to move away from party government to help stabilize the situation.<ref>{{citation | ||
| title = Hirohito and the making of modern Japan | | title = Hirohito and the making of modern Japan | ||
| author = Herbert P. Bix | | author = Herbert P. Bix | ||
Revision as of 20:37, 5 September 2010
While political parties were introduced to Japan during the Meiji Restoration, Japanese party government before World War Two never was the dominant factor as in parliaments under the Westminster system. The first party cabinet was formed in 1900, but Emperor Hirohito advised abandoning them after the March 1931 incident. Cabinets had varied in having military or party leadership. The last parties dissolved themselves in 1940.
After the Restoration, Taisuke Itagaki, along with Sojiro Goto, Taneomi Soejima, Shinpei Eto and Shigeru Furusawa, formed Aikoku Koto (Public Party of Patriots), in 1874. It advocated a directly elected parliamentary system, but dissolved itself several months later. It was a predecessor of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and then the Liberal Party.[1]
In 1882, Shigenobu Okuma founded the Rikken Kaishinto party (Constitutional Reform Party). This party, however, was not to have any governing role on its own.
Compromise
The Saiyukai party, formed in 1900 by Hirabumi Ito, combined Ito's faction of government with the more liberal group under Itagakai. By 1918, Hara founded a government because he controlled a Diet majority, not that he was simply the Emperor's choice.[2]
End of party government
After the May 15 incident of 1931, in which radical young officers assassinated the Prime Minister, Hirohito and his advisers chose to move away from party government to help stabilize the situation.[3] During the second Konoe government in 1940, the political parties dissolved themselves. [4]
References
- ↑ , 1-9 White Paper for Establishment of Popularly elected Assembly, Modern Japan in Archives: Initial Steps toward a Constitutional State, National Diet Library
- ↑ Edwin O. Reichshauer (1977), The Japanese, Harvard University Press, p. 251
- ↑ Herbert P. Bix (2001), Hirohito and the making of modern Japan, Harper Perennial, ISBN 978-0060931308, pp. 252-254
- ↑ David Bergamini (1971), Japan's Imperial Conspiracy, Morrow, p. 715