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The '''''Yoga Sutras of Patañjali''''' is a collection of Sanskrit [[sutra]]s (verses or aphorisms) on the theory and practice of [[yoga]]. The text contains 195 sutras according to [[Vyasa|Vyāsa]] and [[Krishnamacharya]] and 196 sutras according to others including [[BKS Iyengar]]. The ''Yoga Sutras'' was compiled in the early centuries CE, by the sage [[Patanjali]] in India who synthesized and organized knowledge about yoga from much older traditions.{{sfn|Wujastyk|2011|p=33}}{{sfn|Feuerstein|1978|p=108}}{{sfn|Tola|Dragonetti|Prithipaul|1987|p=x}} | The '''''Yoga Sutras of Patañjali''''' is a collection of Sanskrit [[sutra]]s (verses or aphorisms) on the theory and practice of [[yoga]]. The text contains 195 sutras according to [[Vyasa|Vyāsa]] and [[Krishnamacharya]] and 196 sutras according to others including [[BKS Iyengar]]. The ''Yoga Sutras'' was compiled in the early centuries CE, by the sage [[Patanjali]] in India who synthesized and organized knowledge about yoga from much older traditions.{{sfn|Wujastyk|2011|p=33}}{{sfn|Feuerstein|1978|p=108}}{{sfn|Tola|Dragonetti|Prithipaul|1987|p=x}} | ||
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The ''Yoga Sutras'' is best known for its reference to ''[[Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)|ashtanga]]'', eight elements of practice culminating in ''[[samadhi]]''. The eight elements are ''[[Yamas|yama]]'' (abstinences), ''[[niyama]]'' (observances), ''[[asana]]'' (yoga posture), ''[[pranayama]]'' (breath control), ''[[pratyahara]]'' (withdrawal of the senses), ''[[Dhāraṇā|dharana]]'' (concentration of the [[Citta|mind]]), ''[[Dhyana in Hinduism|dhyana]]'' (meditation) and ''[[samadhi]]'' (absorption). The main aim of practice is ''[[kaivalya]]'', discernment of ''[[purusha]]'', the witness-consciousness, as distinct from ''[[prakriti]]'', the cognitive apparatus, and disentanglement of ''purusha'' from ''prakriti's'' muddled defilements. | The ''Yoga Sutras'' is best known for its reference to ''[[Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)|ashtanga]]'', eight elements of practice culminating in ''[[samadhi]]''. The eight elements are ''[[Yamas|yama]]'' (abstinences), ''[[niyama]]'' (observances), ''[[asana]]'' (yoga posture), ''[[pranayama]]'' (breath control), ''[[pratyahara]]'' (withdrawal of the senses), ''[[Dhāraṇā|dharana]]'' (concentration of the [[Citta|mind]]), ''[[Dhyana in Hinduism|dhyana]]'' (meditation) and ''[[samadhi]]'' (absorption). The main aim of practice is ''[[kaivalya]]'', discernment of ''[[purusha]]'', the witness-consciousness, as distinct from ''[[prakriti]]'', the cognitive apparatus, and disentanglement of ''purusha'' from ''prakriti's'' muddled defilements. | ||
Revision as of 10:49, 15 January 2024
The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali is a collection of Sanskrit sutras (verses or aphorisms) on the theory and practice of yoga. The text contains 195 sutras according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya and 196 sutras according to others including BKS Iyengar. The Yoga Sutras was compiled in the early centuries CE, by the sage Patanjali in India who synthesized and organized knowledge about yoga from much older traditions.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
The Yoga Sutras is best known for its reference to ashtanga, eight elements of practice culminating in samadhi. The eight elements are yama (abstinences), niyama (observances), asana (yoga posture), pranayama (breath control), pratyahara (withdrawal of the senses), dharana (concentration of the mind), dhyana (meditation) and samadhi (absorption). The main aim of practice is kaivalya, discernment of purusha, the witness-consciousness, as distinct from prakriti, the cognitive apparatus, and disentanglement of purusha from prakriti's muddled defilements.
The Yoga Sutras built on Samkhya notions of purusha and prakriti, and is often seen as complementary to it. It is closely related to Buddhism, incorporating some of its terminology. Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta, as well as Jainism and Buddhism, can be seen as representing different manifestations of a broad stream of ascetic traditions in ancient India, in contrast to the Bhakti traditions and Vedic ritualism which were prevalent at the time.
The contemporary Yoga tradition holds the Yoga Sutras of Patañjali to be one of the foundational texts of classical Yoga philosophy.Template:Sfn[1] However, the appropriation – and misappropriation – of the Yoga Sutras and its influence on later systematizations of yoga has been questioned by David Gordon White,Template:Sfn who argues that the text fell into relative obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in the late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others. It gained prominence as a classic in the 20th century.Template:Sfn
Provenance
- Some content on this page may previously have appeared on Wikipedia.
Notes
- ↑ Stuart Sarbacker (2011), Yoga Powers (Editor: Knut A. Jacobsen), Brill, Template:ISBN, p. 195.