S-300 PMU (missile): Difference between revisions
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'''S-300 PMU''' is the starting designation of a series of highly respected, Soviet-designed [[surface-to-air missile]]s, the initial land version of which is designated '''SA-10 GRUMBLE''' in the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA)/[[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) system. The ship-based version, mounted on the [[Kirov-class]] and [[Slava-class]] cruisers, is '''SA-N-6 GRUMBLE'''. Later versions have [[anti-ballistic missile]] against [[theater ballistic missile]]s and also against [[cruise missile]]s. <ref name=Deagel>{{citation | '''S-300 PMU''' is the starting designation of a series of highly respected, Soviet-designed [[surface-to-air missile]]s, the initial land version of which is designated '''SA-10 GRUMBLE''' in the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA)/[[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) system. The ship-based version, mounted on the [[Kirov-class]] and [[Slava-class]] cruisers, is '''SA-N-6 GRUMBLE'''. Later versions have [[anti-ballistic missile]] against [[theater ballistic missile]]s and also against [[cruise missile]]s. <ref name=Deagel>{{citation | ||
| url = http://www.deagel.com/Air-Defense-Systems/S-300PMU1_a000372001.aspx | | url = http://www.deagel.com/Air-Defense-Systems/S-300PMU1_a000372001.aspx | ||
| publisher = Deagel.com | | publisher = Deagel.com | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
The [[S-400 (missile)]] system is its replacement, with even more antimissile capability. It can control at least some of the S-300 missiles; its basic new round is the 48N6E3. | The [[S-400 (missile)]] system is its replacement, with even more antimissile capability. It can control at least some of the S-300 missiles; its basic new round is the 48N6E3. | ||
==Effectiveness and impact== | ==Effectiveness and impact== | ||
It is comparable to the U.S. [[MIM-104 Patriot]] in a land-based version and the [[RIM-156 Standard SM-2]] at sea, although the Russians argue it is superior to Patriot. While surface-to-air missiles are defensive, missiles of this quality affect the strategic balance: if | It is comparable to the U.S. [[MIM-104 Patriot]] in a land-based version and the [[RIM-156 Standard SM-2]] at sea, although the Russians argue it is superior to Patriot. While surface-to-air missiles are defensive, missiles of this quality affect the strategic balance: if Iran, for example, puts a significant S-300 system around its nuclear facilities, the Israeli Air Force may not have sufficient [[suppression of enemy air defense]] capability to penetrate it. <ref name=ForPol>{{citation | ||
| url = http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/10/02/the_other_ticking_clock_in_iran?print=yes&hidecomments=yes&page=full | | url = http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/10/02/the_other_ticking_clock_in_iran?print=yes&hidecomments=yes&page=full | ||
| journal = [[Foreign Policy (magazine)]] | | journal = [[Foreign Policy (magazine)]] | ||
| title = The Other Ticking Clock in Iran: Forget about Iran's nukes for the moment. The real crisis is its drive for advanced surface-to-air missiles. | | title = The Other Ticking Clock in Iran: Forget about Iran's nukes for the moment. The real crisis is its drive for advanced surface-to-air missiles. | ||
| author = Christian Caryl | date = 2 October 2009}}</ref> There | | author = Christian Caryl | date = 2 October 2009}}</ref> There were conflicting reports, however, if Russia has actually shipped them to Iran. <ref name=WSJ>{{citation | ||
| date = 28 September 2009 | | date = 28 September 2009 | ||
| title = Medvedev Leaves Wiggle Room on Sanctions: Russia's Firmer Talk May Not Translate Into Action on Iran | journal = Wall Street Journal | | title = Medvedev Leaves Wiggle Room on Sanctions: Russia's Firmer Talk May Not Translate Into Action on Iran | journal = Wall Street Journal | ||
| url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125408951398144645.html | | url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125408951398144645.html | ||
| author = Gregory L. White}}</ref> S-300 systems definitely have been sold to | | author = Gregory L. White}}</ref> Russia said, on 11 June 2010, they will not be sold to Iran.<ref name=WaPo2010-06-12>{{citation | ||
| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/11/AR2010061105248.html?nav=hcmodule | |||
| journal = Washington Post | |||
| title = Russia halts sale of air defense missiles to Iran | |||
| author = Glenn Kessler and Keith B. Richburg | |||
| journal = Washington Post | |||
| date = 12 June 2010}}</ref> | |||
S-300 systems definitely have been sold to China and [[India]]. China also manufacturers a less capable, perhaps reverse-engineered, derivative, the HongQi-9/FD-2000, which may have been offered to Iran. <ref>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.payvand.com/news/09/may/1109.html | |||
| journal = Payvand Iran News | |||
| date = 10 May 2009 | |||
| title = Russia 'losing to China on Iran S-300 quest' }}</ref> | |||
In 1998-1999, complex negotiations among Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus downgraded a planned S-300 installation on Cyprus to a [[SA-15]] deployment on Crete. <ref name=>{{citation | In 1998-1999, complex negotiations among Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus downgraded a planned S-300 installation on Cyprus to a [[SA-15]] deployment on Crete. <ref name=>{{citation | ||
| Line 30: | Line 42: | ||
| date = 1 February 1999 | | date = 1 February 1999 | ||
| title = Cyprus, the S-300PMU-1 Missile System, and Regional Security: An Annotated Chronology }}</ref> | | title = Cyprus, the S-300PMU-1 Missile System, and Regional Security: An Annotated Chronology }}</ref> | ||
==System characteristics== | ==System characteristics== | ||
At the center of a deployed system on land is a 54K6E command and control vehicle, which connects to radar vehicles, up to 12 transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) vehicles carrying the missiles, and support equipment. Each TEL holds four missiles, in sealed canisters forming a [[vertical launch system]] giving 360-degree coverage. With well-trained crews, the system can be firing 5 minutes after the vehicles stop. | At the center of a deployed system on land is a 54K6E command and control vehicle, which connects to radar vehicles, up to 12 transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) vehicles carrying the missiles, and support equipment. Each TEL holds four missiles, in sealed canisters forming a [[vertical launch system]] giving 360-degree coverage. With well-trained crews, the system can be firing 5 minutes after the vehicles stop. | ||
Originally, the system ground radar was a 30N6E1, which can be upgraded to a 64N6E; it also uses [[track-via-missile]] with a linked active radar in the missile. The radar and computer system can engage six simultaneous targets, with two missiles fired at each target. | Originally, the system [[IEEE frequency bands|X-band]] ground radar was a 30N6E (NATO '''FLAP LID'''), then 30N6E1 NATO '''TOMB STONE'''), which can be upgraded to a 64N6E; it also uses [[track-via-missile]] with a linked active radar in the missile. The radar and computer system can engage six simultaneous targets, with two missiles fired at each target. | ||
[[ITU frequency bands|VHF band]] radars, designated '''TALL KING''' by NATO, can be added for long-range search. VHF is more effective at detecting [[stealth]] aircraft than is X-band. | |||
In the S-300PMU2, the battle management van upgrades to a 54K6E2, but, more significantly, there is a 83M6E2 command post, associated with a long-range 64N6E2 radar. The 83M6E2 can coordinate the activities of up to six 54K6E2-centered systems, giving capability against 36 targets (i.e., 72 interceptors in flight).<ref name=EF /> | In the S-300PMU2, the battle management van upgrades to a 54K6E2, but, more significantly, there is a 83M6E2 command post, associated with a long-range X-band 64N6E2 radar, NATO designation '''BIG BIRD'''. The 83M6E2 can coordinate the activities of up to six 54K6E2-centered systems, giving capability against 36 targets (i.e., 72 interceptors in flight).<ref name=EF /> | ||
Missiles, as well, are upgradable. As with the Patriot in its PAC-3 version, some range against aircraft was sacrificed to get better anti-missile performance. | Missiles, as well, are upgradable. As with the Patriot in its PAC-3 version, some range against aircraft was sacrificed to get better anti-missile performance. | ||
| Line 55: | Line 70: | ||
| 10 meters-200km range<br /> maximum altitude 27 km<br /> maximum speed 10000 mps | | 10 meters-200km range<br /> maximum altitude 27 km<br /> maximum speed 10000 mps | ||
| 200 km engagement range<br /> vs. 1000 km class [[MRBM]] | | 200 km engagement range<br /> vs. 1000 km class [[MRBM]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:41, 3 March 2024
S-300 PMU is the starting designation of a series of highly respected, Soviet-designed surface-to-air missiles, the initial land version of which is designated SA-10 GRUMBLE in the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)/North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) system. The ship-based version, mounted on the Kirov-class and Slava-class cruisers, is SA-N-6 GRUMBLE. Later versions have anti-ballistic missile against theater ballistic missiles and also against cruise missiles. [1] They were developed by the Almaz Central Design Bureau.
Upgrades are designated S-300PMU-1 and S-300PMU-2 Favorit. Favorit is described as an essentially new system.[2] Developed by the Fakel Design Bureau, the missile is designated SA-20 GARGOYLE.[3]
The S-400 (missile) system is its replacement, with even more antimissile capability. It can control at least some of the S-300 missiles; its basic new round is the 48N6E3.
Effectiveness and impact
It is comparable to the U.S. MIM-104 Patriot in a land-based version and the RIM-156 Standard SM-2 at sea, although the Russians argue it is superior to Patriot. While surface-to-air missiles are defensive, missiles of this quality affect the strategic balance: if Iran, for example, puts a significant S-300 system around its nuclear facilities, the Israeli Air Force may not have sufficient suppression of enemy air defense capability to penetrate it. [4] There were conflicting reports, however, if Russia has actually shipped them to Iran. [5] Russia said, on 11 June 2010, they will not be sold to Iran.[6]
S-300 systems definitely have been sold to China and India. China also manufacturers a less capable, perhaps reverse-engineered, derivative, the HongQi-9/FD-2000, which may have been offered to Iran. [7]
In 1998-1999, complex negotiations among Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus downgraded a planned S-300 installation on Cyprus to a SA-15 deployment on Crete. [8]
System characteristics
At the center of a deployed system on land is a 54K6E command and control vehicle, which connects to radar vehicles, up to 12 transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) vehicles carrying the missiles, and support equipment. Each TEL holds four missiles, in sealed canisters forming a vertical launch system giving 360-degree coverage. With well-trained crews, the system can be firing 5 minutes after the vehicles stop.
Originally, the system X-band ground radar was a 30N6E (NATO FLAP LID), then 30N6E1 NATO TOMB STONE), which can be upgraded to a 64N6E; it also uses track-via-missile with a linked active radar in the missile. The radar and computer system can engage six simultaneous targets, with two missiles fired at each target.
VHF band radars, designated TALL KING by NATO, can be added for long-range search. VHF is more effective at detecting stealth aircraft than is X-band.
In the S-300PMU2, the battle management van upgrades to a 54K6E2, but, more significantly, there is a 83M6E2 command post, associated with a long-range X-band 64N6E2 radar, NATO designation BIG BIRD. The 83M6E2 can coordinate the activities of up to six 54K6E2-centered systems, giving capability against 36 targets (i.e., 72 interceptors in flight).[2]
Missiles, as well, are upgradable. As with the Patriot in its PAC-3 version, some range against aircraft was sacrificed to get better anti-missile performance.
| Missile | vs. Aircraft | vs. TBM |
|---|---|---|
| 5V55 | 5-90 km range maximum altitude 30km maximum speed 1150 mps |
35 km engagement range vs. 300 km class SRBM |
| 48N6E | 5-50km range maximum altitude 27 km maximum speed 2800 mps |
40 km engagement range vs. 1000 km class MRBM |
| 48N6E2 | 10 meters-200km range maximum altitude 27 km maximum speed 10000 mps |
200 km engagement range vs. 1000 km class MRBM |
References
- ↑ S-300, Deagel.com
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 S-300PMU2 Favorit, EnemyForces.net
- ↑ S-300PMU2 Favorit SA-20 GARGOYLE, Globalsecurity
- ↑ Christian Caryl (2 October 2009), "The Other Ticking Clock in Iran: Forget about Iran's nukes for the moment. The real crisis is its drive for advanced surface-to-air missiles.", Foreign Policy (magazine)
- ↑ Gregory L. White (28 September 2009), "Medvedev Leaves Wiggle Room on Sanctions: Russia's Firmer Talk May Not Translate Into Action on Iran", Wall Street Journal
- ↑ Glenn Kessler and Keith B. Richburg (12 June 2010), "Russia halts sale of air defense missiles to Iran", Washington Post
- ↑ "Russia 'losing to China on Iran S-300 quest'", Payvand Iran News, 10 May 2009
- ↑ Cyprus, the S-300PMU-1 Missile System, and Regional Security: An Annotated Chronology, James Martin Center For Nonproliferation Studies, 1 February 1999