Messier object: Difference between revisions

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The '''Messier Catalogue''' is a list of 110 visually diffuse [[Astronomy|astronomical]] objects. The catalogue was compiled by [[Charles Messier]] between [[1758]] and [[1782]], as a collection of nebulae and star clusters, to distinguish them from [[comets]], for the benefit of comet-hunters.<ref>http://seds.org/messier/</ref>
{{subpages}}
 
The '''Messier Catalogue''' is a list of 110 visually diffuse [[Astronomy|astronomical]] objects. The catalogue was compiled by [[Charles Messier]] between 1758 and 1782, as a collection of nebulae and star clusters, to distinguish them from [[comets]], for the benefit of comet-hunters.<ref>http://seds.org/messier/</ref> The final catalogue included discoveries made by other observers, especially [[Pierre Mechain]].




Line 9: Line 11:
!Common name
!Common name
!Object type
!Object type
!Apparent Magnitude
![[Constellation]]
![[Constellation]]
![[Right ascension]]
![[Declination]]
|-
|-
|[[M 1 ]]
|[[M 1 ]]
| [[ NGC 1952 ]]
| [[ NGC 1952 ]]
|  [[Crab nebula]]
|  [[Crab Nebula]]
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|    8.4
|  [[Taurus (constellation)|Taurus]]
|  [[Taurus]]
|  05<sup>h</sup>34.5<sup>m</sup>
|  +22<sup>o</sup>01<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 2 ]]
|[[M 2 ]]
Line 27: Line 23:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    6.5
|  [[Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]]
|  [[Aquarius]]
|  21<sup>h</sup>33.5<sup>m</sup>
|  -00<sup>o</sup>49<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 3 ]]
|[[M 3 ]]
Line 36: Line 29:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    6.4
|  [[Canes Venatici]]
|  [[Canes venatici]]
|  13<sup>h</sup>42.2<sup>m</sup>
|  +28<sup>o</sup>23<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 4 ]]
|[[M 4 ]]
Line 45: Line 35:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    5.9
|  [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpius]]
|  [[Scorpius]]
|  16<sup>h</sup>23.6<sup>m</sup>
|  -26<sup>o</sup>32<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 5 ]]
|[[M 5 ]]
Line 54: Line 41:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    5.8
|  [[Serpens]]
|  [[Serpens]]
|  15<sup>h</sup>18.6<sup>m</sup>
|  +02<sup>o</sup>05<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 6 ]]
|[[M 6 ]]
| [[ NGC 6405 ]]
| [[ NGC 6405 ]]
|  [[Butterfly cluster]]
|  [[Butterfly Cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    4.2
|  [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpius]]
|  [[Scorpius]]
|  17<sup>h</sup>40.1<sup>m</sup>
|  -32<sup>o</sup>13<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 7 ]]
|[[M 7 ]]
Line 72: Line 53:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    3.3
|  [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpius]]
|  [[Scorpius]]
|  17<sup>h</sup>53.9<sup>m</sup>
|  -34<sup>o</sup>49<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 8 ]]
|[[M 8 ]]
| [[ NGC 6523 ]]
| [[ NGC 6523 ]]
| [[Hourglass nebula]] , [[Lagoon nebula]]
| [[Hourglass Nebula]], [[Lagoon Nebula]]
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|    5.8
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>03.8<sup>m</sup>
|  -24<sup>o</sup>23<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 9 ]]
|[[M 9 ]]
Line 90: Line 65:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.9
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  17<sup>h</sup>19.2<sup>m</sup>
|  -18<sup>o</sup>31<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 10 ]]
|[[M 10 ]]
Line 99: Line 71:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    6.6
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  16<sup>h</sup>57.1<sup>m</sup>
|  -04<sup>o</sup>06<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 11 ]]
|[[M 11 ]]
| [[ NGC 6705 ]]
| [[ NGC 6705 ]]
| [[Wild Duck cluster]]
| [[Wild Duck Cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    5.8
|  [[Scutum (constellation)|Scutum]]
|  [[Scutum]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>51.1<sup>m</sup>
|  -06<sup>o</sup>16<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 12 ]]
|[[M 12 ]]
Line 117: Line 83:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    6.6
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  16<sup>h</sup>47.2<sup>m</sup>
|  -01<sup>o</sup>57<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 13 ]]
|[[M 13 ]]
Line 126: Line 89:
| [[Great Cluster in Hercules]]
| [[Great Cluster in Hercules]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    5.9
|  [[Hercules (constellation)|Hercules]]
|  [[Hercules]]
|  16<sup>h</sup>41.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +36<sup>o</sup>28<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 14 ]]
|[[M 14 ]]
Line 135: Line 95:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.6
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  17<sup>h</sup>37.6<sup>m</sup>
|  -03<sup>o</sup>15<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 15 ]]
|[[M 15 ]]
Line 144: Line 101:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    6.4
|  [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]]
|  [[Pegasus]]
|  21<sup>h</sup>30.0<sup>m</sup>
|  +12<sup>o</sup>10<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 16 ]]
|[[M 16 ]]
| [[ NGC 6611 ]]
| [[ NGC 6611 ]]
| [[Eagle nebula]]
| [[Eagle Nebula]]
|  Cluster associated with nebula
|  Cluster associated with nebula
|    6.0
|  [[Serpens]]
|  [[Serpens]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>18.8<sup>m</sup>
|  -13<sup>o</sup>47<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 17 ]]
|[[M 17 ]]
| [[ NGC 6618 ]]
| [[ NGC 6618 ]]
| [[Omega nebula]]
| [[Omega Nebula]]
|  Cluster associated with nebula
|  Cluster associated with nebula
|    6.0
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>20.8<sup>m</sup>
|  -16<sup>o</sup>11<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 18 ]]
|[[M 18 ]]
Line 171: Line 119:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    6.9
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>19.9<sup>m</sup>
|  -17<sup>o</sup>08<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 19 ]]
|[[M 19 ]]
Line 180: Line 125:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.2
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  17<sup>h</sup>02.6<sup>m</sup>
|  -26<sup>o</sup>16<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 20 ]]
|[[M 20 ]]
| [[ NGC 6514 ]]
| [[ NGC 6514 ]]
| [[Trifid nebula]]
| [[Trifid Nebula]]
|  Cluster associated with nebula
|  Cluster associated with nebula
|    6.3
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>02.3<sup>m</sup>
|  -23<sup>o</sup>02<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 21 ]]
|[[M 21 ]]
Line 198: Line 137:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    5.9
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>04.6<sup>m</sup>
|  -22<sup>o</sup>30<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 22 ]]
|[[M 22 ]]
Line 207: Line 143:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    5.1
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>36.4<sup>m</sup>
|  -23<sup>o</sup>54<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 24 ]]
|[[M 23 ]]
| [[ NGC 6494 ]]
| [[ NGC 6494 ]]
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|-
|[[M 24 ]]
|
|
|
|
| stellar cloud
|
| [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|
|
|-
|-
|[[M 25 ]]
|[[M 25 ]]
Line 225: Line 161:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    4.6
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>31.6<sup>m</sup>
|  -19<sup>o</sup>15<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 26 ]]
|[[M 26 ]]
Line 234: Line 167:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    8.0
|  [[Scutum (constellation)|Scutum]]
|  [[Scutum]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>45.2<sup>m</sup>
|  -09<sup>o</sup>24<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 27 ]]
|[[M 27 ]]
| [[ NGC 6853 ]]
| [[ NGC 6853 ]]
| [[Dumbbell nebula]]
| [[Dumbbell Nebula]]
|  [[Planetary nebula]]
|  [[Planetary nebula]]
|    8.1
|  [[Vulpecula]]
|  [[Vulpecula]]
|  19<sup>h</sup>59.6<sup>m</sup>
|  +22<sup>o</sup>43<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 28 ]]
|[[M 28 ]]
Line 252: Line 179:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    6.9
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>24.5<sup>m</sup>
|  -24<sup>o</sup>52<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 29 ]]
|[[M 29 ]]
Line 261: Line 184:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    6.6
|  [[Cygnus (constellation)|Cygnus]]
|  [[Cygnus]]
|  20<sup>h</sup>23.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +38<sup>o</sup>32<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 30 ]]
|[[M 30 ]]
Line 270: Line 190:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.5
|  [[Capricornus]]
|  [[Capricornus]]
|  21<sup>h</sup>40.4<sup>m</sup>
|  -23<sup>o</sup>11<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 31 ]]
|[[M 31 ]]
| [[ NGC 224 ]]
| [[ NGC 224 ]]
| [[Great Nebula in Andromeda]]
| [[Andromeda Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    3.5
|  [[Andromeda (constellation)|Andromeda]]
|  [[Andromeda]]
|  00<sup>h</sup>42.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +41<sup>o</sup>16<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 32 ]]
|[[M 32 ]]
Line 288: Line 202:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.2
|  [[Andromeda (constellation)|Andromeda]]
|  [[Andromeda]]
|  00<sup>h</sup>42.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +40<sup>o</sup>52<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 33 ]]
|[[M 33 ]]
| [[ NGC 598 ]]
| [[ NGC 598 ]]
| [[Triangulum galaxy]]
| [[Triangulum Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    5.7
|  [[Triangulum (constellation)|Triangulum]]
|  [[Triangulum]]
|  01<sup>h</sup>33.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +30<sup>o</sup>39<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 34 ]]
|[[M 34 ]]
Line 306: Line 214:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    5.2
|  [[Perseus (constellation)|Perseus]]
|  [[Perseus]]
|  02<sup>h</sup>42.0<sup>m</sup>
|  +42<sup>o</sup>47<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 35 ]]
|[[M 35 ]]
Line 315: Line 220:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    5.1
|  [[Gemini (constellation)|Gemini]]
|  [[Gemini]]
|  06<sup>h</sup>08.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +24<sup>o</sup>20<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 36 ]]
|[[M 36 ]]
Line 324: Line 226:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    6.0
|  [[Auriga (constellation)|Auriga]]
|  [[Auriga]]
|  05<sup>h</sup>36.1<sup>m</sup>
|  +34<sup>o</sup>08<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 37 ]]
|[[M 37 ]]
Line 333: Line 232:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    5.6
|  [[Auriga (constellation)|Auriga]]
|  [[Auriga]]
|  05<sup>h</sup>52.4<sup>m</sup>
|  +32<sup>o</sup>33<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 38 ]]
|[[M 38 ]]
Line 342: Line 238:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    6.4
|  [[Auriga (constellation)|Auriga]]
|  [[Auriga]]
|  05<sup>h</sup>28.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +35<sup>o</sup>50<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 40 ]]
|[[M 40 ]]
| [[ NGC 7092 ]]
| [[ NGC 7092 ]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 360: Line 250:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    4.5
|  [[Canis Major]]
|  [[Canis maior]]
|  06<sup>h</sup>47.0<sup>m</sup>
|  -20<sup>o</sup>44<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 42 ]]
|[[M 42 ]]
Line 369: Line 256:
| [[Great Nebula in Orion]]
| [[Great Nebula in Orion]]
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|    4.0
|  [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]]
|  [[Orion]]
|  05<sup>h</sup>35.4<sup>m</sup>
|  -05<sup>o</sup>27<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 43 ]]
|[[M 43 ]]
Line 378: Line 262:
|
|
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|    9.0
|  [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]]
|  [[Orion]]
|  05<sup>h</sup>35.6<sup>m</sup>
|  -05<sup>o</sup>16<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 45 ]]
|[[M 45 ]]
| [[ NGC 2632 ]]
| [[ NGC 2632 ]]
| [[Beehive cluster]]
| [[Beehive Cluster]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 396: Line 274:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    6.1
|  [[Puppis]]
|  [[Puppis]]
|  07<sup>h</sup>41.8<sup>m</sup>
|  -14<sup>o</sup>49<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 47 ]]
|[[M 47 ]]
Line 405: Line 280:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    4.4
|  [[Puppis]]
|  [[Puppis]]
|  07<sup>h</sup>36.6<sup>m</sup>
|  -14<sup>o</sup>30<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 48 ]]
|[[M 48 ]]
Line 414: Line 286:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    5.8
|  [[Hydra (constellation)|Hydra]]
|  [[Hydra]]
|  08<sup>h</sup>13.8<sup>m</sup>
|  -05<sup>o</sup>48<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 49 ]]
|[[M 49 ]]
Line 423: Line 292:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.4
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>29.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +08<sup>o</sup>00<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 50 ]]
|[[M 50 ]]
Line 432: Line 298:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    5.9
|  [[Monoceros]]
|  [[Monoceros]]
|  07<sup>h</sup>03.2<sup>m</sup>
|  -08<sup>o</sup>20<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 51 ]]
|[[M 51 ]]
| [[ NGC 5194 ]]
| [[ NGC 5194 ]]
| [[Whirlpool galaxy]]
| [[Whirlpool Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.4
|  [[Canes Venatici]]
|  [[Canes venatici]]
|  13<sup>h</sup>29.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +47<sup>o</sup>12<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 52 ]]
|[[M 52 ]]
Line 450: Line 310:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    6.9
|  [[Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]]
|  [[Cassiopeia]]
|  23<sup>h</sup>24.2<sup>m</sup>
|  +61<sup>o</sup>35<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 53 ]]
|[[M 53 ]]
Line 459: Line 316:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.7
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  13<sup>h</sup>12.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +18<sup>o</sup>10<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 54 ]]
|[[M 54 ]]
Line 468: Line 322:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.7
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>55.1<sup>m</sup>
|  -30<sup>o</sup>29<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 55 ]]
|[[M 55 ]]
Line 477: Line 328:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.0
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  19<sup>h</sup>40.0<sup>m</sup>
|  -30<sup>o</sup>58<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 56 ]]
|[[M 56 ]]
Line 486: Line 334:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    8.3
|  [[Lyra (constellation)|Lyra]]
|  [[Lyra]]
|  19<sup>h</sup>16.6<sup>m</sup>
|  +30<sup>o</sup>11<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 57 ]]
|[[M 57 ]]
| [[ NGC 6720 ]]
| [[ NGC 6720 ]]
| [[Ring nebula in Lyra]]
| [[Ring Nebula in Lyra]]
|  [[Planetary nebula]]
|  [[Planetary nebula]]
|    9.0
|  [[Lyra (constellation)|Lyra]]
|  [[Lyra]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>53.6<sup>m</sup>
|  +33<sup>o</sup>02<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 58 ]]
|[[M 58 ]]
Line 504: Line 346:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.8
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>37.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +11<sup>o</sup>49<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 59 ]]
|[[M 59 ]]
Line 513: Line 352:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.8
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>42.0<sup>m</sup>
|  +11<sup>o</sup>39<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 60 ]]
|[[M 60 ]]
Line 522: Line 358:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.8
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>43.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +11<sup>o</sup>33<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 61 ]]
|[[M 61 ]]
Line 531: Line 364:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.7
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>21.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +04<sup>o</sup>28<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 62 ]]
|[[M 62 ]]
Line 540: Line 370:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    6.6
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  17<sup>h</sup>01.2<sup>m</sup>
|  -30<sup>o</sup>07<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 63 ]]
|[[M 63 ]]
| [[ NGC 5055 ]]
| [[ NGC 5055 ]]
| [[Sunflower galaxy]]
| [[Sunflower Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.6
|  [[Canes Venatici]]
|  [[Canes venatici]]
|  13<sup>h</sup>15.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +42<sup>o</sup>02<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 64 ]]
|[[M 64 ]]
| [[ NGC 4826 ]]
| [[ NGC 4826 ]]
| [[Black-eye galaxy]]
| [[Black-eye Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.5
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>56.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +21<sup>o</sup>41<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 65 ]]
|[[M 65 ]]
Line 567: Line 388:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.3
|  [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|  [[Leo]]
|  11<sup>h</sup>18.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +13<sup>o</sup>05<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 66 ]]
|[[M 66 ]]
Line 576: Line 394:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.0
|  [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|  [[Leo]]
|  11<sup>h</sup>20.2<sup>m</sup>
|  +12<sup>o</sup>59<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 67 ]]
|[[M 67 ]]
Line 585: Line 400:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    6.9
|  [[Cancer (constellation)|Cancer]]
|  [[Cancer]]
|  08<sup>h</sup>50.4<sup>m</sup>
|  +11<sup>o</sup>49<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 68 ]]
|[[M 68 ]]
Line 594: Line 406:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    8.2
|  [[Hydra (constellation)|Hydra]]
|  [[Hydra]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>39.5<sup>m</sup>
|  -26<sup>o</sup>45<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 69 ]]
|[[M 69 ]]
Line 603: Line 412:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.7
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>31.4<sup>m</sup>
|  -32<sup>o</sup>21<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 70 ]]
|[[M 70 ]]
Line 612: Line 418:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    8.1
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  18<sup>h</sup>43.2<sup>m</sup>
|  -32<sup>o</sup>18<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 71 ]]
|[[M 71 ]]
Line 621: Line 424:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    8.3
|  [[Sagitta]]
|  [[Sagitta]]
|  19<sup>h</sup>53.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +18<sup>o</sup>47<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 72 ]]
|[[M 72 ]]
Line 630: Line 430:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    9.4
|  [[Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]]
|  [[Aquarius]]
|  20<sup>h</sup>53.5<sup>m</sup>
|  -12<sup>o</sup>32<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 73 ]]
|[[M 73 ]]
Line 639: Line 436:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    9.0
|  [[Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]]
|  [[Aquarius]]
|  20<sup>h</sup>59.0<sup>m</sup>
|  -12<sup>o</sup>38<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 74 ]]
|[[M 74 ]]
Line 648: Line 442:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.2
|  [[Pisces (constellation)|Pisces]]
|  [[Pisces]]
|  01<sup>h</sup>36.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +15<sup>o</sup>47<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 75 ]]
|[[M 75 ]]
Line 657: Line 448:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    8.6
|  [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|  [[Saguttarius]]
|  20<sup>h</sup>06.1<sup>m</sup>
|  -21<sup>o</sup>55<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 76 ]]
|[[M 76 ]]
Line 666: Line 454:
| [[Little Dumbbell]]
| [[Little Dumbbell]]
|  [[Planetary nebula]]
|  [[Planetary nebula]]
|  12.0
|  [[Perseus (constellation)|Perseus]]
|  [[Perseus]]
|  01<sup>h</sup>42.3<sup>m</sup>
|  +51<sup>o</sup>34<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 77 ]]
|[[M 77 ]]
Line 675: Line 460:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.8
|  [[Cetus (constellation)|Cetus]]
|  [[Cetus]]
|  02<sup>h</sup>42.7<sup>m</sup>
|  -00<sup>o</sup>01<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 78 ]]
|[[M 78 ]]
Line 684: Line 466:
|
|
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|  [[Emission nebula]]
|    8.0
|  [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]]
|  [[Orion]]
|  05<sup>h</sup>46.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +00<sup>o</sup>03<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 79 ]]
|[[M 79 ]]
Line 693: Line 472:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    8.0
|  [[Lepus (constellation)|Lepus]]
|  [[Lepus]]
|  05<sup>h</sup>24.5<sup>m</sup>
|  -24<sup>o</sup>33<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 80 ]]
|[[M 80 ]]
Line 702: Line 478:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    7.2
|  [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpius]]
|  [[Scorpius]]
|  16<sup>h</sup>17.0<sup>m</sup>
|  -22<sup>o</sup>59<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 81 ]]
|[[M 81 ]]
| [[ NGC 3031 ]]
| [[ NGC 3031 ]]
| [[Bode's nebulae]]
| [[Bode's Nebulae]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    6.9
|  [[Ursa Major]]
|  [[Ursa maior]]
|  09<sup>h</sup>55.6<sup>m</sup>
|  +69<sup>o</sup>04<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 82 ]]
|[[M 82 ]]
| [[ NGC 3034 ]]
| [[ NGC 3034 ]]
| [[Bode's nebulae]]
| [[Bode's Nebulae]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.4
|  [[Ursa Major]]
|  [[Ursa maior]]
|  09<sup>h</sup>55.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +69<sup>o</sup>41<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 83 ]]
|[[M 83 ]]
Line 729: Line 496:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    7.6
|  [[Hydra (constellation)|Hydra]]
|  [[Hydra]]
|  13<sup>h</sup>37.0<sup>m</sup>
|  -29<sup>o</sup>52<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 84 ]]
|[[M 84 ]]
Line 738: Line 502:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.3
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>25.1<sup>m</sup>
|  +12<sup>o</sup>53<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 85 ]]
|[[M 85 ]]
Line 747: Line 508:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.2
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>25.4<sup>m</sup>
|  +18<sup>o</sup>11<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 86 ]]
|[[M 86 ]]
Line 756: Line 514:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.2
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>26.2<sup>m</sup>
|  +12<sup>o</sup>57<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 87 ]]
|[[M 87 ]]
Line 765: Line 520:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.6
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>30.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +12<sup>o</sup>24<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 88 ]]
|[[M 88 ]]
Line 774: Line 526:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.5
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>32.0<sup>m</sup>
|  +14<sup>o</sup>25<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 89 ]]
|[[M 89 ]]
Line 783: Line 532:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.8
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>35.7<sup>m</sup>
|  +12<sup>o</sup>33<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 90 ]]
|[[M 90 ]]
Line 792: Line 538:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.5
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>36.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +13<sup>o</sup>10<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 91 ]]
|[[M 91 ]]
Line 801: Line 544:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  10.2
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>35.4<sup>m</sup>
|  +14<sup>o</sup>30<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 92 ]]
|[[M 92 ]]
Line 810: Line 550:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    6.5
|  [[Hercules (constellation)|Hercules]]
|  [[Hercules]]
|  17<sup>h</sup>17.1<sup>m</sup>
|  +43<sup>o</sup>08<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 93 ]]
|[[M 93 ]]
Line 819: Line 556:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    6.2
|  [[Puppis]]
|  [[Puppis]]
|  07<sup>h</sup>44.6<sup>m</sup>
|  -23<sup>o</sup>52<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 94 ]]
|[[M 94 ]]
Line 828: Line 562:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.2
|  [[Canes Venatici]]
|  [[Canes venatici]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>50.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +41<sup>o</sup>07<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 95 ]]
|[[M 95 ]]
Line 837: Line 568:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.7
|  [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|  [[Leo]]
|  10<sup>h</sup>44.0<sup>m</sup>
|  +11<sup>o</sup>42<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 96 ]]
|[[M 96 ]]
Line 846: Line 574:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.2
|  [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|  [[Leo]]
|  10<sup>h</sup>46.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +11<sup>o</sup>49<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 97 ]]
|[[M 97 ]]
| [[ NGC 3587 ]]
| [[ NGC 3587 ]]
| [[Owl nebula]]
| [[Owl Nebula]]
|  [[Planetary nebula]]
|  [[Planetary nebula]]
|  11.2
|  [[Ursa Major]]
|  [[Ursa maior]]
|  11<sup>h</sup>14.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +55<sup>o</sup>01<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 98 ]]
|[[M 98 ]]
Line 864: Line 586:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  10.1
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>13.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +14<sup>o</sup>54<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 99 ]]
|[[M 99 ]]
| [[ NGC 4254 ]]
| [[ NGC 4254 ]]
| [[Pin-wheel nebula]]
| [[Pin-wheel Nebula]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.8
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>18.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +14<sup>o</sup>25<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 100 ]]
|[[M 100 ]]
Line 882: Line 598:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.4
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  [[Coma Berenices]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>22.9<sup>m</sup>
|  +15<sup>o</sup>49<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 102 ]]
|[[M 101 ]]
| [[ NGC 5457 ]]
| [[ NGC 5457 ]]
|
|
| [[Galaxy]]
| [[Ursa Major]]
|-
|[[M 102 ]]
| [[ NGC 5866 ]]
|
|
|
| [[Galaxy]]
|
| [[Draco (constellation)|Draco]]
|
|
|-
|-
|[[M 103 ]]
|[[M 103 ]]
Line 900: Line 616:
|
|
|  [[Open cluster]]
|  [[Open cluster]]
|    7.4
|  [[Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]]
|  [[Cassiopeia]]
|  01<sup>h</sup>33.2<sup>m</sup>
|  +60<sup>o</sup>42<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 104 ]]
|[[M 104 ]]
| [[ NGC 4594 ]]
| [[ NGC 4594 ]]
| [[Sombrero galaxy]]
| [[Sombrero Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.3
|  [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|  [[Virgo]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>40.0<sup>m</sup>
|  -11<sup>o</sup>37<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 105 ]]
|[[M 105 ]]
Line 918: Line 628:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.3
|  [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|  [[Leo]]
|  10<sup>h</sup>47.8<sup>m</sup>
|  +12<sup>o</sup>35<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 106 ]]
|[[M 106 ]]
Line 927: Line 634:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.3
|  [[Canes Venatici]]
|  [[Canes venatici]]
|  12<sup>h</sup>19.0<sup>m</sup>
|  +47<sup>o</sup>18<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 107 ]]
|[[M 107 ]]
Line 936: Line 640:
|
|
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|  [[Globular cluster]]
|    8.1
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  [[Ophiuchus]]
|  16<sup>h</sup>32.5<sup>m</sup>
|  -13<sup>o</sup>03<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 108 ]]
|[[M 108 ]]
Line 945: Line 646:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  10.1
|  [[Ursa Major]]
|  [[Ursa maior]]
|  11<sup>h</sup>11.5<sup>m</sup>
|  +55<sup>o</sup>40<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 109 ]]
|[[M 109 ]]
Line 954: Line 652:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    9.8
|  [[Ursa Major]]
|  [[Ursa maior]]
|  11<sup>h</sup>57.6<sup>m</sup>
|  +53<sup>o</sup>23<sup>'</sup>
|-
|-
|[[M 110 ]]
|[[M 110 ]]
Line 963: Line 658:
|
|
|  [[Galaxy]]
|  [[Galaxy]]
|    8.0
|  [[Andromeda (constellation)|Andromeda]]
|  [[Andromeda]]
|  00<sup>h</sup>40.4<sup>m</sup>
|  +41<sup>o</sup>41<sup>'</sup>
|}
|}


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]
[[Category:CZ Live|Messier Catalogue]]
[[Category:Astronomy Workgroup|Messier Catalogue]]

Latest revision as of 06:01, 18 September 2024

This article is developing and not approved.
 Main Article
 Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
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Citable Version  [?]
 
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Messier_object&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

The Messier Catalogue is a list of 110 visually diffuse astronomical objects. The catalogue was compiled by Charles Messier between 1758 and 1782, as a collection of nebulae and star clusters, to distinguish them from comets, for the benefit of comet-hunters.[1] The final catalogue included discoveries made by other observers, especially Pierre Mechain.


list

Messier number NGC or IC number Common name Object type Constellation
M 1 NGC 1952 Crab Nebula Emission nebula Taurus
M 2 NGC 7089 Globular cluster Aquarius
M 3 NGC 5272 Globular cluster Canes Venatici
M 4 NGC 6121 Globular cluster Scorpius
M 5 NGC 5904 Globular cluster Serpens
M 6 NGC 6405 Butterfly Cluster Open cluster Scorpius
M 7 NGC 6475 Open cluster Scorpius
M 8 NGC 6523 Hourglass Nebula, Lagoon Nebula Emission nebula Sagittarius
M 9 NGC 6333 Globular cluster Ophiuchus
M 10 NGC 6254 Globular cluster Ophiuchus
M 11 NGC 6705 Wild Duck Cluster Open cluster Scutum
M 12 NGC 6218 Globular cluster Ophiuchus
M 13 NGC 6205 Great Cluster in Hercules Globular cluster Hercules
M 14 NGC 6402 Globular cluster Ophiuchus
M 15 NGC 7078 Globular cluster Pegasus
M 16 NGC 6611 Eagle Nebula Cluster associated with nebula Serpens
M 17 NGC 6618 Omega Nebula Cluster associated with nebula Sagittarius
M 18 NGC 6613 Open cluster Sagittarius
M 19 NGC 6273 Globular cluster Ophiuchus
M 20 NGC 6514 Trifid Nebula Cluster associated with nebula Sagittarius
M 21 NGC 6531 Open cluster Sagittarius
M 22 NGC 6656 Globular cluster Sagittarius
M 23 NGC 6494 Open cluster Sagittarius
M 24 stellar cloud Sagittarius
M 25 IC 4725 Open cluster Sagittarius
M 26 NGC 6694 Open cluster Scutum
M 27 NGC 6853 Dumbbell Nebula Planetary nebula Vulpecula
M 28 NGC 6626 Globular cluster
M 29 NGC 6913 Open cluster Cygnus
M 30 NGC 7099 Globular cluster Capricornus
M 31 NGC 224 Andromeda Galaxy Galaxy Andromeda
M 32 NGC 221 Galaxy Andromeda
M 33 NGC 598 Triangulum Galaxy Galaxy Triangulum
M 34 NGC 1039 Open cluster Perseus
M 35 NGC 2168 Open cluster Gemini
M 36 NGC 1960 Open cluster Auriga
M 37 NGC 2099 Open cluster Auriga
M 38 NGC 1912 Open cluster Auriga
M 40 NGC 7092
M 41 NGC 2287 Open cluster Canis Major
M 42 NGC 1976 Great Nebula in Orion Emission nebula Orion
M 43 NGC 1982 Emission nebula Orion
M 45 NGC 2632 Beehive Cluster
M 46 NGC 2437 Open cluster Puppis
M 47 NGC 2422 Open cluster Puppis
M 48 NGC 2548 Open cluster Hydra
M 49 NGC 4472 Galaxy Virgo
M 50 NGC 2323 Open cluster Monoceros
M 51 NGC 5194 Whirlpool Galaxy Galaxy Canes Venatici
M 52 NGC 7654 Open cluster Cassiopeia
M 53 NGC 5024 Globular cluster Coma Berenices
M 54 NGC 6715 Globular cluster Sagittarius
M 55 NGC 6809 Globular cluster Sagittarius
M 56 NGC 6779 Globular cluster Lyra
M 57 NGC 6720 Ring Nebula in Lyra Planetary nebula Lyra
M 58 NGC 4579 Galaxy Virgo
M 59 NGC 4621 Galaxy Virgo
M 60 NGC 4649 Galaxy Virgo
M 61 NGC 4303 Galaxy Virgo
M 62 NGC 6266 Globular cluster Ophiuchus
M 63 NGC 5055 Sunflower Galaxy Galaxy Canes Venatici
M 64 NGC 4826 Black-eye Galaxy Galaxy Coma Berenices
M 65 NGC 3623 Galaxy Leo
M 66 NGC 3627 Galaxy Leo
M 67 NGC 2682 Open cluster Cancer
M 68 NGC 4590 Globular cluster Hydra
M 69 NGC 6637 Globular cluster Sagittarius
M 70 NGC 6681 Globular cluster Sagittarius
M 71 NGC 6838 Globular cluster Sagitta
M 72 NGC 6981 Globular cluster Aquarius
M 73 NGC 6994 Open cluster Aquarius
M 74 NGC 628 Galaxy Pisces
M 75 NGC 6864 Globular cluster Sagittarius
M 76 NGC 650 Little Dumbbell Planetary nebula Perseus
M 77 NGC 1068 Galaxy Cetus
M 78 NGC 2068 Emission nebula Orion
M 79 NGC 1904 Globular cluster Lepus
M 80 NGC 6093 Globular cluster Scorpius
M 81 NGC 3031 Bode's Nebulae Galaxy Ursa Major
M 82 NGC 3034 Bode's Nebulae Galaxy Ursa Major
M 83 NGC 5236 Galaxy Hydra
M 84 NGC 4374 Galaxy Virgo
M 85 NGC 4382 Galaxy Coma Berenices
M 86 NGC 4406 Galaxy Virgo
M 87 NGC 4486 Galaxy Virgo
M 88 NGC 4501 Galaxy Coma Berenices
M 89 NGC 4552 Galaxy Virgo
M 90 NGC 4569 Galaxy Virgo
M 91 NGC 4548 Galaxy Coma Berenices
M 92 NGC 6341 Globular cluster Hercules
M 93 NGC 2447 Open cluster Puppis
M 94 NGC 4736 Galaxy Canes Venatici
M 95 NGC 3351 Galaxy Leo
M 96 NGC 3368 Galaxy Leo
M 97 NGC 3587 Owl Nebula Planetary nebula Ursa Major
M 98 NGC 4192 Galaxy Coma Berenices
M 99 NGC 4254 Pin-wheel Nebula Galaxy Coma Berenices
M 100 NGC 4321 Galaxy Coma Berenices
M 101 NGC 5457 Galaxy Ursa Major
M 102 NGC 5866 Galaxy Draco
M 103 NGC 581 Open cluster Cassiopeia
M 104 NGC 4594 Sombrero Galaxy Galaxy Virgo
M 105 NGC 3379 Galaxy Leo
M 106 NGC 4258 Galaxy Canes Venatici
M 107 NGC 6171 Globular cluster Ophiuchus
M 108 NGC 3556 Galaxy Ursa Major
M 109 NGC 3992 Galaxy Ursa Major
M 110 NGC 205 Galaxy Andromeda

Notes

  1. ↑ http://seds.org/messier/
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