Biochemistry: Difference between revisions
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'''Biochemistry''' is the study of the chemicals and [[Chemistry|chemical processes]] in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as [[protein]]s, [[carbohydrate]]s, [[lipid]]s, [[nucleic acid]]s, and other [[Biology|biological compounds]].<ref name="isbn0-7167-3051-0">{{cite book |author=Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Biochemistry |chapter= | |||
|chapterurl=|edition= |language= |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=2002 |origyear= |pages= |quote= |isbn=0-7167-3051-0 |oclc= |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="LC2003263029">{{cite book |author=Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Victor W. Rodwell |title=Harper’s illustrated biochemistry |publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill|edition=27th|url=http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=18 |location=New York|year=2006 |pages= |isbn= |oclc= |doi=|id={{LCC|QP514 .R4}} }} {{LCCN|2003|263|029}}</ref> | |||
==Macromolecules== | |||
{{main|Macromolecules}} | |||
== | |||
===[[Nucleic acid]]=== | ===[[Nucleic acid]]=== | ||
* [[DNA]] | * [[DNA]] | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
===[[Carbohydrate]]=== | ===[[Carbohydrate]]=== | ||
=== | ===Lipid=== | ||
== | {{main|Lipid}} | ||
=== | |||
==Metabolism== | |||
{{main|Metabolism}} | |||
===Energy=== | |||
====Glycolysis==== | |||
{{main|Glycolysis}} | |||
* [[NAD]] | * [[NAD]] | ||
===Krebs cycle=== | |||
====Krebs cycle==== | |||
{{main|Citric acid cycle}} | {{main|Citric acid cycle}} | ||
* [[FAD]] | * [[FAD]] | ||
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* [[Photosynthesis]] | * [[Photosynthesis]] | ||
* [[Intermediary metabolism]] | * [[Intermediary metabolism]] | ||
===Proteins=== | |||
====Urea cycle==== | |||
{{main|Urea cycle}} | |||
==Signal transduction== | |||
{{main|Signal transduction}} | |||
Signal transduction is the "intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway".<ref>{{MeSH|Signal transduction}}</ref><ref name="isbn0-7167-3051-0-chapt15">{{cite book |author=Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Biochemistry |chapter=15. Signal-Transduction Pathways: An Introduction to Information Metabolism |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer.chapter.2046 | |||
|edition= |language= |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=2002 |origyear= |pages= |quote= |isbn=0-7167-3051-0 |oclc= |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
===''Inter''cellular primary messenger=== | |||
Examples of primary messengers include [[hormone]]s and [[neurotransmitter]]s. | |||
====Hormone==== | |||
{{main|Hormone}} | |||
====Neurotransmitter==== | |||
{{main|Neurotransmitter}} | |||
===Cell surface receptor=== | |||
{{main|Cell surface receptor}} | |||
===Ion channel=== | |||
{{main|Ion channel}} | |||
===Second messenger system=== | |||
{{main|Second messenger system}} | |||
Examples of second messenger systems include the adenyl cyclase-[[cyclic AMP]] system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the [[cyclic GMP]] system | |||
==Nobel laureates contributing to Biochemistry== | ==Nobel laureates contributing to Biochemistry== | ||
| Line 32: | Line 61: | ||
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/ Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins] | * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/ Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins] | ||
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/ Linus Pauling] | * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/ Linus Pauling] | ||
==references== | |||
<references/>[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:00, 18 July 2024
Biochemistry is the study of the chemicals and chemical processes in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biological compounds.[1][2]
Macromolecules
Nucleic acid
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Metabolism
Energy
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Proteins
Urea cycle
Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the "intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway".[3][4]
Intercellular primary messenger
Examples of primary messengers include hormones and neurotransmitters.
Hormone
Neurotransmitter
Cell surface receptor
Ion channel
Second messenger system
Examples of second messenger systems include the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system
Nobel laureates contributing to Biochemistry
- Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger
- Richard J Roberts and PA Sharp
- Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg
- Alexander Fleming, EB Chain and HW Florey
- Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
- Linus Pauling
references
- ↑ Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. (2002). Biochemistry. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0.
- ↑ Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Victor W. Rodwell (2006). Harper’s illustrated biochemistry, 27th. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. LCC QP514 .R4. LCCN 2003-029
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Signal transduction (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. (2002). “15. Signal-Transduction Pathways: An Introduction to Information Metabolism”, Biochemistry. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0.