Dietary fiber: Difference between revisions

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{{Image|Grain.gif|right|350px|Diagram of a grain.}}
{{Image|Grain.gif|right|350px|Diagram of a grain.}}
===Soluble fiber===
===Soluble fiber===
Soluble fiber is viscous. It is in oats, oat ß-glucan, psyllium (ispaghula), barley, soybeans, dried beans and peas, and citrus.<ref name="urlNutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine">{{cite web |url=http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/fiber.html |title=Nutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= |accessdate=}}</ref> Soluble fiber may affect cholesterol absorption more than insoluble fiber does.
Soluble fiber is viscous. It is in oats, oat ß-glucan, psyllium (ispaghula), barley, soybeans, dried beans and peas, and citrus.<ref name="urlNutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine">{{cite web |url=http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/fiber.html |title=Nutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= |accessdate=}}</ref> Soluble fiber may affect cholesterol absorption more than insoluble fiber does.<ref name="urlWhole Grains and Fiber">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4574 |title=Whole Grains and Fiber |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |format= |work= |publisherAmerican Heart Association= |pages= |language=English |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref>


===Insoluble fiber===
===Insoluble fiber===
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Consuming dietary fiber may reduce the risk of [[colorectal cancer]], especially in men.<ref name="pmid17557210">{{cite journal |author=Nomura AM, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, ''et al'' |title=Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study |journal=Cancer Causes Control |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=753–64 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17557210 |doi=10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16469993">{{cite journal |author=Jacobs ET, Lanza E, Alberts DS, ''et al'' |title=Fiber, sex, and colorectal adenoma: results of a pooled analysis |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=343–9 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16469993 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16469993 |issn=}}</ref> However, this association is not consistent and not confirmed.<ref name="pmid16352792">{{cite journal |author=Park Y, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, ''et al'' |title=Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies |journal=JAMA |volume=294 |issue=22 |pages=2849–57 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16352792 |doi=10.1001/jama.294.22.2849 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16352792 |issn=}}</ref>
Consuming dietary fiber may reduce the risk of [[colorectal cancer]], especially in men.<ref name="pmid17557210">{{cite journal |author=Nomura AM, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, ''et al'' |title=Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study |journal=Cancer Causes Control |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=753–64 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17557210 |doi=10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16469993">{{cite journal |author=Jacobs ET, Lanza E, Alberts DS, ''et al'' |title=Fiber, sex, and colorectal adenoma: results of a pooled analysis |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=343–9 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16469993 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16469993 |issn=}}</ref> However, this association is not consistent and not confirmed.<ref name="pmid16352792">{{cite journal |author=Park Y, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, ''et al'' |title=Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies |journal=JAMA |volume=294 |issue=22 |pages=2849–57 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16352792 |doi=10.1001/jama.294.22.2849 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16352792 |issn=}}</ref>


Consuming fiber, especially soluble fiber<ref name="pmid14984370">{{cite journal |author=Bijkerk CJ, Muris JW, Knottnerus JA, Hoes AW, de Wit NJ |title=Systematic review: the role of different types of fibre in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=245–51 |year=2004 |month=February |pmid=14984370 |doi= |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0269-2813&date=2004&volume=19&issue=3&spage=245 |issn=}}</ref> with psyllium being better than bran<ref>(2008) Brit Med J. PMID 19008265</ref>, may treat [[irritable bowel syndrome]]<ref name="pmid14645642">{{cite journal |author=Mertz HR |title=Irritable bowel syndrome |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=22 |pages=2136–46 |year=2003 |month=November |pmid=14645642 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra035579 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=14645642&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref>, chronic [[constipation]]<ref name="pmid14523145">{{cite journal |author=Lembo A, Camilleri M |title=Chronic constipation |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=14 |pages=1360–8 |year=2003 |month=October |pmid=14523145 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra020995 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=14523145&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref>, and [[hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="pmid15867412">{{cite journal |author=Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A |title=Diet and cholesterol reduction |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=142 |issue=9 |pages=793–5 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15867412 |doi= |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/142/9/793 |issn=}}</ref>.
Consuming fiber, especially soluble fiber<ref name="pmid25070054">{{cite journal| author=Moayyedi P, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, Lembo AJ, Saito YA, Schiller LR et al.| title=The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2014 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25070054 | doi=10.1038/ajg.2014.195 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25070054  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14984370">{{cite journal |author=Bijkerk CJ, Muris JW, Knottnerus JA, Hoes AW, de Wit NJ |title=Systematic review: the role of different types of fibre in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=245–51 |year=2004 |month=February |pmid=14984370 |doi= |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0269-2813&date=2004&volume=19&issue=3&spage=245 |issn=}}</ref> with psyllium being better than bran<ref>(2008) Brit Med J. PMID 19008265</ref>, may treat [[irritable bowel syndrome]]<ref name="pmid14645642">{{cite journal |author=Mertz HR |title=Irritable bowel syndrome |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=22 |pages=2136–46 |year=2003 |month=November |pmid=14645642 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra035579 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=14645642&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref>, chronic [[constipation]]<ref name="pmid14523145">{{cite journal |author=Lembo A, Camilleri M |title=Chronic constipation |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=14 |pages=1360–8 |year=2003 |month=October |pmid=14523145 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra020995 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=14523145&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref>, and [[hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="pmid15867412">{{cite journal |author=Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A |title=Diet and cholesterol reduction |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=142 |issue=9 |pages=793–5 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15867412 |doi= |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/142/9/793 |issn=}}</ref>.


==References==
==References==
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Dietary fiber is the "remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins."[1]

Classification

Diagram of a grain.

Soluble fiber

Soluble fiber is viscous. It is in oats, oat ß-glucan, psyllium (ispaghula), barley, soybeans, dried beans and peas, and citrus.[2] Soluble fiber may affect cholesterol absorption more than insoluble fiber does.[3]

Insoluble fiber

Insoluble fiber is not viscous. Insoluble fiber may bind water and thus reduces transit time in the colon. It is in whole wheat and many vegetables.[2]

Medical uses

Consuming dietary fiber, especially the bran, may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2.[4]

Consuming dietary fiber may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, especially in men.[5][6] However, this association is not consistent and not confirmed.[7]

Consuming fiber, especially soluble fiber[8][9] with psyllium being better than bran[10], may treat irritable bowel syndrome[11], chronic constipation[12], and hypercholesterolemia[13].

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Dietary fiber (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine.
  3. ↑ Whole Grains and Fiber (English). Retrieved on 2010-06-01.
  4. ↑ de Munter JS, Hu FB, Spiegelman D, Franz M, van Dam RM (August 2007). "Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and systematic review". PLoS Med. 4 (8): e261. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261. PMID 17760498. Research Blogging.
  5. ↑ Nomura AM, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, et al (September 2007). "Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study". Cancer Causes Control 18 (7): 753–64. DOI:10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4. PMID 17557210. Research Blogging.
  6. ↑ Jacobs ET, Lanza E, Alberts DS, et al (February 2006). "Fiber, sex, and colorectal adenoma: results of a pooled analysis". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83 (2): 343–9. PMID 16469993. [e]
  7. ↑ Park Y, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, et al (December 2005). "Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies". JAMA 294 (22): 2849–57. DOI:10.1001/jama.294.22.2849. PMID 16352792. Research Blogging.
  8. ↑ Moayyedi P, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, Lembo AJ, Saito YA, Schiller LR et al. (2014). "The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.". Am J Gastroenterol. DOI:10.1038/ajg.2014.195. PMID 25070054. Research Blogging.
  9. ↑ Bijkerk CJ, Muris JW, Knottnerus JA, Hoes AW, de Wit NJ (February 2004). "Systematic review: the role of different types of fibre in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 19 (3): 245–51. PMID 14984370. [e]
  10. ↑ (2008) Brit Med J. PMID 19008265
  11. ↑ Mertz HR (November 2003). "Irritable bowel syndrome". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (22): 2136–46. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra035579. PMID 14645642. Research Blogging.
  12. ↑ Lembo A, Camilleri M (October 2003). "Chronic constipation". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (14): 1360–8. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra020995. PMID 14523145. Research Blogging.
  13. ↑ Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A (May 2005). "Diet and cholesterol reduction". Ann. Intern. Med. 142 (9): 793–5. PMID 15867412. [e]
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