Limit point: Difference between revisions
imported>Richard Pinch (→References: added Franz) |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{subpages}} | |||
In [[topology]], a '''limit point''' of a [[subset]] ''S'' of a topological space ''X'' is a point ''x'' that cannot be separated from ''S''. | In [[topology]], a '''limit point''' of a [[subset]] ''S'' of a topological space ''X'' is a point ''x'' that cannot be separated from ''S''. | ||
| Line 12: | Line 13: | ||
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
* A subset ''S'' is [[closed set|closed]] if and only if it contains all its limit points. | * A subset ''S'' is [[closed set|closed]] if and only if it contains all its limit points. | ||
* The [[closure ( | * The [[closure (topology)|closure]] of a set ''S'' is the union of ''S'' with its limit points. | ||
==Derived set== | ==Derived set== | ||
| Line 22: | Line 23: | ||
===Adherent point=== | ===Adherent point=== | ||
A point ''x'' is an '''adherent point''' of a set ''S'' if every [[neighbourhood]] of ''x'' contains a point of ''S'' (not necessarily distinct from ''x''). | A point ''x'' is an '''adherent point''' or '''contact point''' of a set ''S'' if every [[neighbourhood]] of ''x'' contains a point of ''S'' (not necessarily distinct from ''x''). | ||
===ω-Accumulation point=== | ===ω-Accumulation point=== | ||
| Line 32: | Line 33: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* {{cite book | author=Wolfgang Franz | title=General Topology | publisher=Harrap | year=1967 | pages=23 }} | * {{cite book | author=Wolfgang Franz | title=General Topology | publisher=Harrap | year=1967 | pages=23 }} | ||
* {{cite book | author=Lynn Arthur Steen | authorlink=Lynn Arthur Steen | coauthors= J. Arthur Seebach jr | title=[[Counterexamples in Topology]] | year=1978 | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | isbn=0-387-90312-7 | pages=5-6 }} | * {{cite book | author=Lynn Arthur Steen | authorlink=Lynn Arthur Steen | coauthors= J. Arthur Seebach jr | title=[[Counterexamples in Topology]] | year=1978 | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | isbn=0-387-90312-7 | pages=5-6 }}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:00, 12 September 2024
In topology, a limit point of a subset S of a topological space X is a point x that cannot be separated from S.
Definition
Formally, x is a limit point of S if every neighbourhood of x contains a point of S other than x itself.
Metric space
In a metric space (X,d), a limit point of a set S may be defined as a point x such that for all ε > 0 there exists a point y in S such that
This agrees with the topological definition given above.
Properties
- A subset S is closed if and only if it contains all its limit points.
- The closure of a set S is the union of S with its limit points.
Derived set
The derived set of S is the set of all limit points of S. A point of S which is not a limit point is an isolated point of S. A set with no isolated points is dense-in-itself. A set is perfect if it is closed and dense-in-itself; equivalently a perfect set is equal to its derived set.
Related concepts
Limit point of a sequence
A limit point of a sequence (an) in a topological space X is a point x such that every neighbourhood U of x contains all points of the sequence beyond some term n(U). A limit point of the sequence (an) need not be a limit point of the set {an}.
Adherent point
A point x is an adherent point or contact point of a set S if every neighbourhood of x contains a point of S (not necessarily distinct from x).
ω-Accumulation point
A point x is an ω-accumulation point of a set S if every neighbourhood of x contains infinitely many points of S.
Condensation point
A point x is a condensation point of a set S if every neighbourhood of x contains uncountably many points of S.
References
- Wolfgang Franz (1967). General Topology. Harrap, 23.
- Lynn Arthur Steen; J. Arthur Seebach jr (1978). Counterexamples in Topology. Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, 5-6. ISBN 0-387-90312-7.