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==Notable New Deal programs==  
==New Deal measures and institutions==  
[[Image:Stamp-ctc-newdeal.png|thumb|right|The [[alphabet agencies|"alphabet soup" agencies]] of the New Deal included the TVA, CCC, WPA, FDIC, SEC and IRA.]]
 
The New Deal was composed by president Franklin D Roosevelt and had countless programs, labeled an "alphabet soup" by its detractors. Among the New Deal acts were the following, most of them passed within the first 100 days of FDR's administration. Most were abolished around 1943, others remain in operation in 2007:
:''(For the sequence of New Deal legislative measures, see the New Deal Timelines subpage [[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/New_Deal/Timelines]])''.
*[[Reconstruction Finance Corporation]] a Hoover agency expanded under [[Jesse Holman Jones]] to make large loans to big business.  Ended in 1954.
 
*[[FERA|Federal Emergency Relief Administration]] (FERA). ERA, a Hoover loan program to states for relief; replaced by FERA in 1933 to give grants to states to operate relief projects for the unskilled; replaced by WPA in 1935.  
: ''(For an index of New Deal executive orders see Executive Orders, Proclamations, Memoranda Issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945 [http://www.conservativeusa.org/eo/fdroosevelt.htm])''
* Bank Holiday, 1933: closed all banks until they became certified by federal reviewers
 
* Abandonment of [[gold standard]], 1933: gold reserves no longer backed currency; still exists
 
* [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC), 1933: employed young men to perform unskilled work in rural areas; under Army supervision; separate program for Native Americans
* Agricultural Adjustment Acts (AAA), 1933 and 1938: raised farm prices by restricting the  output of major crops.
* [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] (TVA), 1933: effort to modernize very poor region (most of Tennessee), centered on dams that generated electricity on the [[Tennessee River]]; still exists
 
* [[Agricultural Adjustment Act]] (AAA), 1933: raised farm prices by cutting total farm output of major crops (and hogs)
* Banking Act of 1933: Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Separated commercial banking from investment banking, establishing them as separate lines of commerce.
* [[National Recovery Act]] (NRA), 1933: industries set up codes to reduce unfair competition, raise wages and prices;
 
* [[Public Works Administration]] (PWA), 1933: built large public works projects; used private contractors (did not directly hire unemployed)
* Banking Act of 1935: Reorganized control of the  monetary system, centralizing power in the hands of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee.
* [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]] (FDIC) / [[Glass-Steagall Act]]: insures deposits in banks in order to restore public confidence in banks; still exists
 
* [[Securities Act of 1933]], created the SEC, 1933: codified standards for sale and purchase of stock, required risk of investments to be accurately disclosed; still exists
* [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC), 1933: Employed young men to perform unskilled work in rural areas; under Army supervision,
* [[Civil Works Administration]] (CWA), 1933-34: provided temporary jobs to millions of unemployed
 
* [[Indian Reorganization Act]], 1934 moved away from assimilation
* Civil Works Administration  (CWA), 1933-34: provided temporary jobs to the unemployed.
* [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security Act]] (SSA), 1935: provided financial assistance to: elderly, handicapped, paid for by employee and employer payroll contributions; required years contributions, so first payouts were 1942; still exists
 
* [[Works Progress Administration]] (WPA), 1935: a national labor program for 2+ million unemployed; created useful construction work for unskilled men; also sewing projects for women and arts projects for unemployed artists, musicians and writers.
* Economy Act, 1933: An attempt to balance the federal budget. Cut the salaries of government employees and reducing pensions to veterans (by up to 15 percent). Cut the budgets of government departments by 25 percent.
* [[National Labor Relations Act]] (NLRA) / Wagner Act, 1935: set up National Labor Relations Board to supervise labor-management relations; In 1930s it strongly favored [[trade union|labor union]]s. Modified by the [[Taft-Hartley Act]] (1947); still exists
 
* Judicial Reorganization Bill, 1937: gave President power to appoint a new Supreme Court judge for every judge 70 years or older; failed to pass Congress
* Emergency Banking Relief Act, 1933. Provided for the reopening of those banks that examiners find to be financially secure (after  the 4-day "banking holiday".
* [[Fair Labor Standards Act]] ([http://www.finduslaw.com/fair_labor_standards_act_flsa_29_u_s_code_chapter_8 29 U.S. Code Chapter 8]), 1938: established a maximum normal work week of 40 hours, and a minimum pay of 40 cents/hour; still exists
 
* Emergency Farm Mortgage Act, 1933. Provided for refunding and revising the operations of the Federal Land Bank associations to meet the problems of farm foreclosures and debt defaults.  
 
* Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935
 
* [[Farm Security Administration]] (FSA) Created as a replacement for the Resettlement Agency in 1937, the Farm Security Administration operated programmes to relieve rural poverty.
 
* [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]][http://www.fdic.gov/about/index.html] (FDIC)  Insures deposits in banks. Supervises the thrifts and the banks that are not members of the [[Federal Reserve System]] and resoves bank failures.
 
* Federal Emergency Relief Act 1933. Created the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
 
* [[FERA|Federal Emergency Relief Administration]] (FERA) gave grants to states to operate relief projects for the unskilled.
 
*[[Federal Housing Administration]] (FHA)[http://www.fha.com/fha_loans.cfm].
 
* Glass-Steagall Act 1933: See Banking Act. 
 
* Gold Reserve Act 1934: Ordered the Federal Reserve banks to turn over their gold reserves to the . Treasury. Authorized the President to devalue the  dollar and suspend compliance with the [[gold standard]].
 
* Home Owners Refinancing Act. 1933 Provided mortgage assistance for house purchases.
 
* Indian Reorganization Act, 1934.
 
*[[National Planning Board]], also called the National Resources Planning Board (NRPB), provided planning recommendations and information.
 
* [[National Labor Relations Act]] (NLRA) / Wagner Act, 1935: Made wage and working conditions negotiatons with trades unions compulsory.
 
* National Labor Relations Board. Had responsibility for the legal enforcement of the National Labor Relations Act'
 
* [[National Industrial Recovery Act]] (NIRA) 1933: Suspended [[Antitrust]] Law. Created the National Recovery Administration.
 
* [[National Recovery Administration]] (NRA), 1933-35: Awarded "blue eagle" status to businesses that accepted a "Code of Fair Competition" that included restrictions upon competition and collusion to control wages and prices.
 
* [[Public Works Administration]] (PWA), 1933: built large public works projects [http://www.bartleby.com/65/pu/PublicWo.html].
 
*[[Reconstruction Finance Corporation]] made loans to corporations.
 
* [[Resettlement Administration]] (RA) 1935-37: Created by Presidential Executive Order 7027 in 1935, The Resttlement Administration operated programmes to relieve rural poverty. In 1937, it was incorporated into the [[U.S. Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture]] and renamed the [[Farm Security Administration]].
 
* [[Rural Electrification Administration]] (REA).
 
* [[Securities Act of 1933]], created the Securities and Exchange Commission. Set standards for the sale and purchase of stock. 
 
* [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] (SEC) [http://www.sec.gov/about/whatwedo.shtml] Regulates  securities firms, brokers, investment advisers, and ratings agencies; .
 
* [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security Act]] (SSA), 1935: provided financial assistance to: elderly, handicapped, funded by employee and employer payroll contributions.
 
* [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] (TVA), 1933: built dams to generate electricity on the [[Tennessee River]], [http://www.tva.gov/abouttva/history.htm ].
 
* [[United States Housing Authority]], 1937 cleared slums.
 
* [[Works Progress Administration]] (WPA), 1935: Instituted by Presidential executive order under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of April 1935, to generate public jobs for the unemployed.

Latest revision as of 21:56, 15 February 2010

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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=New_Deal/Addendum&printable=yes
This addendum is a continuation of the article New Deal.

New Deal measures and institutions

(For the sequence of New Deal legislative measures, see the New Deal Timelines subpage [[1]]).
(For an index of New Deal executive orders see Executive Orders, Proclamations, Memoranda Issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945 [2])


  • Agricultural Adjustment Acts (AAA), 1933 and 1938: raised farm prices by restricting the output of major crops.
  • Banking Act of 1933: Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Separated commercial banking from investment banking, establishing them as separate lines of commerce.
  • Banking Act of 1935: Reorganized control of the monetary system, centralizing power in the hands of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee.
  • Civil Works Administration (CWA), 1933-34: provided temporary jobs to the unemployed.
  • Economy Act, 1933: An attempt to balance the federal budget. Cut the salaries of government employees and reducing pensions to veterans (by up to 15 percent). Cut the budgets of government departments by 25 percent.
  • Emergency Banking Relief Act, 1933. Provided for the reopening of those banks that examiners find to be financially secure (after the 4-day "banking holiday".
  • Emergency Farm Mortgage Act, 1933. Provided for refunding and revising the operations of the Federal Land Bank associations to meet the problems of farm foreclosures and debt defaults.
  • Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935
  • Farm Security Administration (FSA) Created as a replacement for the Resettlement Agency in 1937, the Farm Security Administration operated programmes to relieve rural poverty.
  • Federal Emergency Relief Act 1933. Created the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
  • Glass-Steagall Act 1933: See Banking Act.
  • Gold Reserve Act 1934: Ordered the Federal Reserve banks to turn over their gold reserves to the . Treasury. Authorized the President to devalue the dollar and suspend compliance with the gold standard.
  • Home Owners Refinancing Act. 1933 Provided mortgage assistance for house purchases.
  • Indian Reorganization Act, 1934.
  • National Planning Board, also called the National Resources Planning Board (NRPB), provided planning recommendations and information.
  • National Labor Relations Board. Had responsibility for the legal enforcement of the National Labor Relations Act'
  • National Recovery Administration (NRA), 1933-35: Awarded "blue eagle" status to businesses that accepted a "Code of Fair Competition" that included restrictions upon competition and collusion to control wages and prices.
  • Securities Act of 1933, created the Securities and Exchange Commission. Set standards for the sale and purchase of stock.
  • Social Security Act (SSA), 1935: provided financial assistance to: elderly, handicapped, funded by employee and employer payroll contributions.
  • Works Progress Administration (WPA), 1935: Instituted by Presidential executive order under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of April 1935, to generate public jobs for the unemployed.
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