New York School abstract expressionism: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Marika Herskovic
mNo edit summary
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{subpages}}
{{subpages}}
{{TOC-right}}
{{TOC|right}}


'''New York School abstract expressionism''' dominated a period of the post-[[World War II]] art world, beginning in 1945 and lasting to about 1957, when pop art appeared.  
'''New York School abstract expressionism''' dominated a period of the post-[[World War II]] art world, beginning in 1945 and lasting to about 1957, when pop art appeared.  
Line 6: Line 6:
The renowned [[art]] historian Marilyn Stokstad wrote the following<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39229727&referer=brief_results  ‘’Marylin Stokstad, Art History. Revised edition, Volume 2’’] (New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1999) p. 1109. ISBN 0810919915</ref>:
The renowned [[art]] historian Marilyn Stokstad wrote the following<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39229727&referer=brief_results  ‘’Marylin Stokstad, Art History. Revised edition, Volume 2’’] (New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1999) p. 1109. ISBN 0810919915</ref>:


<blockquote>When the [[United States]] emerged from [[World War II]] as the most powerful [[nation]] in the world its new stature was soon reflected in the arts. [[American]] artists and architects—especially those living in [[New York City]]—assumed a leadership in artistic innovation that by the late 1950s had been acknowledged across the Atlantic even in [[Paris]].</blockquote>
<blockquote>When the [[United States of America]] emerged from [[World War II]] as the most powerful [[nation]] in the world its new stature was soon reflected in the arts. [[American]] artists and architects—especially those living in [[New York, New York|New York City]]—assumed a leadership in artistic innovation that by the late 1950s had been acknowledged across the Atlantic even in [[Paris]].</blockquote>


==History==
==History==


By the late 1940s artists of the New York School felt the need to organize themselves. The first meeting place was the “Studio 35,” located at 35 East 8th Street. Robert Iglehart, Hale Woodruff and Tony Smith who were teachers in the New York University [[School]] of [[Art]] [[Education]], in the fall of 1949 privately took over the loft which previously housed “Subjects of the Artist,” “Studio 35” provided the forum for Friday evening lectures by advanced artists. Among the artists who lectured, were  Arp,  Baziotes, Jimmy Ernst, Ferber, Glarner, Gottlieb, Holtzmann, Kees, de Kooning, Motherwell, Newman, Reinhardt and Rothko. It closed in April 23, 1950 after a three-day seminar.<ref>Robert Motherwell, Ad Reinhardt, Aaron Siskind, Bernard Karpel, Joyce Wittenborn eds., [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58912632&referer=brief_results ''Modern Artists in America,''] first series, (New York: Wittenborn Schultz, Inc., 1950.) OCLC 58912632</ref>
By the late 1940s artists of the New York School felt the need to organize themselves. The first meeting place was the “Studio 35,” located at 35 East 8th Street. [[Robert Iglehart]], [[Hale Woodruff]] and [[Tony Smith]] who were teachers in the [[New York University]] [[School]] of [[Art]] [[Education]], in the fall of 1949 privately took over the loft which previously housed “[[Subjects of the Artist]],” “[[Studio 35]]” provided the forum for Friday evening lectures by advanced artists. Among the artists who lectured, were  [[Jean Arp]],  [[William Baziotes]], [[Jimmy Ernst]], [[Herbert Ferber]], [[Fritz Glarner]], [[Adolph Gottlieb]], [[Harry Holtzman]], [[Weldon Kees]], [[Willem de Kooning]], [[Robert Motherwell]], [[Barnett Newman]], [[Ad Reinhardt]] and [[Mark Rothko]]. It closed in April 23, 1950 after a three-day seminar.<ref>Robert Motherwell, Ad Reinhardt, Aaron Siskind, Bernard Karpel, Joyce Wittenborn eds., [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58912632&referer=brief_results ''Modern Artists in America,''] first series, (New York: Wittenborn Schultz, Inc., 1950.) OCLC 58912632</ref>


==The Club==
==The Club==


The first organized activity by the [[New York]] avant-garde was the formation of The Club. Rudi Blesh described the atmosphere at the time of its formation:<ref>Stuart Davis; Lloyd Goodrich; Whitney Museum of American Art, [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84212296&referer=brief_results ''Biographical note in catalogue of the Arshile Gorky Memorial Exhibition,''] Whitney Museum of American Art, 1951</ref>
The first organized activity by the [[New York (disambiguation)|New York]] avant-garde was the formation of The Club. Rudi Blesh described the atmosphere at the time of its formation:<ref>Stuart Davis; Lloyd Goodrich; Whitney Museum of American Art, [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84212296&referer=brief_results ''Biographical note in catalogue of the Arshile Gorky Memorial Exhibition,''] Whitney Museum of American Art, 1951</ref>
<blockquote>The Club was set up in 1949 by a group of twenty. There was one empty place at The Club that no one could ever fill. That was the place of that wild, lovable Armenian, Wostanig Adoyan, who had taken the fanciful name of Arshile Gorky when he came to[[ America]]. Gorky, who had been proud of the fact that three art schools had ‘canned’ him, who had endured the most abject poverty in order to paint, who all through the terrible 1920’s and on to the end of his life had fought thievishly for modernism, was only forty four when he died in 1948. But his influence had been tremendous with the other men: he spoke their language both in paint and in words—that soaring, poetic word-imagery which painters will not tolerate from critics, but themselves love to employ. Gorky was gone, and, as Lloyd Goodrich, Director of the Whitney Museum, was moved to say, it ‘was a tragic loss to the art of America and the world’ Gorky’s going was then so recent as to be not quite believable.</blockquote>
<blockquote>The Club was set up in 1949 by a group of twenty. There was one empty place at The Club that no one could ever fill. That was the place of that wild, lovable Armenian, Wostanig Adoyan, who had taken the fanciful name of [[Arshile Gorky]] when he came to America. Gorky, who had been proud of the fact that three art schools had ‘canned’ him, who had endured the most abject poverty in order to paint, who all through the terrible 1920’s and on to the end of his life had fought thievishly for modernism, was only forty four when he died in 1948. But his influence had been tremendous with the other men: he spoke their language both in paint and in words—that soaring, poetic word-imagery which painters will not tolerate from critics, but themselves love to employ. Gorky was gone, and, as Lloyd Goodrich, Director of the Whitney Museum, was moved to say, it ‘was a tragic loss to the art of America and the world’ Gorky’s going was then so recent as to be not quite believable.</blockquote>


The Club or the Artists’ Club was located at 39 East 8th Street. The mem­bers, with few ex­cep­tions, were mostly war vet­er­an, forty year old, pro­fes­sion­al artists. Prior to the war, many of them par­tic­i­pat­ed in the Federal Art Project, (WPA) Works Progress Ad­min­is­tra­tion, which pro­vid­ed sti­pends during the depression in the [[Roosevelt]] administration.
The Club or the Artists’ Club was located at 39 East 8th Street. The mem­bers, with few ex­cep­tions, were mostly war vet­er­an, forty year old, pro­fes­sion­al artists. Prior to the war, many of them par­tic­i­pat­ed in the [[Federal Art Project]], (WPA) [[Works Progress Ad­min­is­tra­tion]], which pro­vid­ed sti­pends during the depression in the [[Roosevelt]] administration.


Jeanne Miles, one of the veteran artists of the early members of the Club, described it in the following way:<ref>Jeanne Miles, Art Now, co-editor, Ward Jackson; New York, Vol. 1, No. 10, Dec. 1969</ref>  
[[Jeanne Miles]], one of the veteran artists of the early members of the Club, described it in the following way:<ref>Jeanne Miles, Art Now, co-editor, Ward Jackson; New York, Vol. 1, No. 10, Dec. 1969</ref>  
<blockquote>Phillip Pavia and Landes Lewitin were, in a way, the backbone of the Club. The weekly meetings were filled with volatile discussion and argument. Artists had a chance there to exchange ideas and confront critics and curators, who were often invited to the Club to explain themselves. The Cedar Bar and the Club probably had the most stimulating influence on American art since the Armory show. At that time there was a contagious atmosphere of involvement in art. For many artists the Cedar Bar was a home away from, home. Franz Kline picked up his mail there. Any night of the week it housed the ‘art world’—artists, critics, dealers, collectors, museum curators and directors. Since they all fit into the bar, the art world was not as large as we thought it was. The talk was always about art, and there were fights, but the issues were aesthetic. There was no art market money talk then. The atmosphere provided nourishment for many struggling artists who later became successful.</blockquote>
<blockquote>[[Phillip Pavia]] and [[Landes Lewitin]] were, in a way, the backbone of the Club. The weekly meetings were filled with volatile discussion and argument. Artists had a chance there to exchange ideas and confront critics and curators, who were often invited to the Club to explain themselves. The Cedar Bar and the Club probably had the most stimulating influence on American art since the [[Armory show]]. At that time there was a contagious atmosphere of involvement in art. For many artists the Cedar Bar was a home away from, home. [[Franz Kline]] picked up his mail there. Any night of the week it housed the ‘art world’—artists, critics, dealers, collectors, museum curators and directors. Since they all fit into the bar, the art world was not as large as we thought it was. The talk was always about art, and there were fights, but the issues were aesthetic. There was no art market money talk then. The atmosphere provided nourishment for many struggling artists who later became successful.</blockquote>
  
  
Jack Tworkov, one of the members of the Club later recollected:<ref>Jack Tworkov, “Notes on My Painting,” Art in America (September-October 1973), p. 69</ref>
[[Jack Tworkov]], one of the members of the Club later recollected:<ref>Jack Tworkov, “Notes on My Painting,” Art in America (September-October 1973), p. 69</ref>
<blockquote>Post World War II painting in New York moved against two repressive experiences-the rhetoric of social realism, preached especially by the artists and ideologues on the arts projects of the thirties, and the hegemony of Paris in modern art. The re­sponse was an art that stood against all formula, an art in which impulse, instinct and the automatic, as guides to interior reality, were to usurp all forms of intellectualizing. I cannot remember any period of my life that so went to my head as 1949. It marked the foundation of the Artists’ Club in New York and heralded a decade of painting as fruitful and revolutionary as the Impressionism of 1870.</blockquote>
<blockquote>Post [[World War II]] painting in New York moved against two repressive experiences-the rhetoric of social realism, preached especially by the artists and ideologues on the arts projects of the thirties, and the hegemony of [[Paris]] in modern art. The re­sponse was an art that stood against all formula, an art in which impulse, instinct and the automatic, as guides to interior reality, were to usurp all forms of intellectualizing. I cannot remember any period of my life that so went to my head as 1949. It marked the foundation of the Artists’ Club in New York and heralded a decade of painting as fruitful and revolutionary as the [[Impressionism]] of 1870.</blockquote>


==9th Street Art Exhibition==  
==9th Street Art Exhibition==  
Line 38: Line 38:


{{col-begin}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{{col-break|width=34%}}
{|
{|
|- valign=top
|- valign=top
Line 62: Line 62:
*[[Robert Goodnough]] (1917 - )
*[[Robert Goodnough]] (1917 - )
*[[Clement Greenberg]] (1909 - 1998)
*[[Clement Greenberg]] (1909 - 1998)
*[[Peter Grippe]] (1912 – 2002)  
*[[Peter Grippe]] (1912 – 2002) {{col-break|width=34%}}
*[[Philip Guston]] (1913 – 1980)
*[[Philip Guston]] (1913 – 1980)
*[[Grace Hartigan]] (George) (1922 - )
*[[Grace Hartigan]] (George) (1922 - )
Line 72: Line 72:
*[[Gitou Knoop]] (1909 - 1985)
*[[Gitou Knoop]] (1909 - 1985)
*[[Albert Kotin]] (1907 – 1980)  
*[[Albert Kotin]] (1907 – 1980)  
*[[Lee Krasner]] (1908 – 1984){{col-break|width=50%}}
*[[Lee Krasner]] (1908 – 1984)
*[[Alfred Leslie]] (1927 - )
*[[Alfred Leslie]] (1927 - )
*[[Richard Lippold]] (1915 – 2002)
*[[Richard Lippold]] (1915 – 2002)
Line 82: Line 82:
*[[Robert Motherwell]] (1915 – 1991)
*[[Robert Motherwell]] (1915 – 1991)
*[[Costantino Nivola]] (1911 – 1988)
*[[Costantino Nivola]] (1911 – 1988)
*[[Jackson Pollock]] (1912 – 1956)
*[[Jackson Pollock]] (1912 – 1956){{col-break|width=34%}}
*[[Fairfield Porter]] (1907 – 1975)
*[[Fairfield Porter]] (1907 – 1975)
*[[Richard Pousette-Dar]]t (1916 – 1992)
*[[Richard Pousette-Dar]]t (1916 – 1992)
Line 103: Line 103:
*[[Jack Tworkov]] (1900 – 1982)
*[[Jack Tworkov]] (1900 – 1982)
*[[Esteban Vicente]] (1903 – 2001)
*[[Esteban Vicente]] (1903 – 2001)
|}


==New York Artists’ Annuals==
==New York Artists’ Annuals==


The [[New York]] School which represented the New York School abstract expressionists of the 1950s was documented through a series of artists’ [[painting]] and [[sculpture]] annual exhibitions.  
The [[New York (disambiguation)|New York]] School which represented the New York School abstract expressionists of the 1950s was documented through a series of artists’ [[painting]] and [[sculpture]] annual exhibitions.  


The First New York Painting and Sculpture Annual held initially in New York City at a temporary gallery in 9th Street in 1951. The 9th Street Art Exhibition (“9th St.” Show) continued in 1953 at the Stable Gallery<ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/50666793&tab=holdings ''New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists,''] (New York School Press, 2000.) ISBN 0-9677994-0-6, pp.18-33</ref> in [[New York City]] and continued until 1957.<ref>[http://albertkotin.com/9th.%20st.jpg ''9th Street Art Exhibition,'']</ref><ref>[http://albertkotin.com/stable1953.jpg Second Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,'']</ref><ref>[http://albertkotin.com/stable1954.jpg Third Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,'']</ref><ref>[http://albertkotin.com/stable1955.jpg Fourth Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,'']</ref><ref>[http://albertkotin.com/stable1956.jpg Fifth Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,'']</ref><ref> [http://albertkotin.com/stable1957.jpg ''New York Artists' 6th Annual Exhibition.'']</ref>
The First New York Painting and Sculpture Annual held initially in New York City at a temporary gallery in 9th Street in 1951. The 9th Street Art Exhibition (“9th St.” Show) continued in 1953 at the Stable Gallery<ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/50666793&tab=holdings ''New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists,''] (New York School Press, 2000.) ISBN 0-9677994-0-6, pp.18-33</ref> in [[New York, New York|New York City]] and continued until 1957.<ref>[http://albertkotin.com/9th.%20st.jpg ''9th Street Art Exhibition,'']</ref><ref>[http://albertkotin.com/stable1953.jpg Second Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,'']</ref><ref>[http://albertkotin.com/stable1954.jpg Third Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,'']</ref><ref>[http://albertkotin.com/stable1955.jpg Fourth Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,'']</ref><ref>[http://albertkotin.com/stable1956.jpg Fifth Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,'']</ref><ref> [http://albertkotin.com/stable1957.jpg ''New York Artists' 6th Annual Exhibition.'']</ref>


'''The Complete List of Artists' Participation in the New York Painting and Sculpture Annuals, 1951-1957''' <ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/50666793&tab=holdings ''New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists,'']</ref>
'''The Complete List of Artists' Participation in the New York Painting and Sculpture Annuals, 1951-1957''' <ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/50666793&tab=holdings ''New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists,'']</ref>


{{col-begin}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{{col-break|width=25%}}
{|
{|
|- valign=top
|- valign=top
Line 119: Line 120:
'''A'''
'''A'''


*Herb Aach (1923–1985)
*[[Herb Aach]] (1923–1985)
*Mary Abbott ((1921-)
*[[Mary Abbott]], (artist) ((1921-)
*Ruth Abrams (NA)
*[[Ruth Abrams]] (NA)
*Adams, Patricia {1928-)
*[[Patricia Adams]] {1928-)
*Agostini, Peter (1913–1993)
*[[Peter Agostini]] (1913–1993)
*Albers, Josef (1888–1976)
*[[Josef Albers]] (1888–1976)
*Albert, Calvin (1918–2007)  
*[[Calvin Albert]] (1918–2007)  
*Olga Albizu (1924–2005)
*[[Olga Albizu]] (1924–2005)
*Alfred L. Copley (1910–1992)
*[[Alfred L. Copley]]-L. Alcopley (1910–1992)
*Anderson (NA)
*[[Anderson]] (NA)
*Andrews (NA)
*[[Andrews]] (NA)
*Anne Arnold (1925-)
*[[Anne Arnold]] (1925-)
*Ruth Asawa (1926-)
*[[Ruth Asawa]] (1926-)
*Elise Asher (1914–2004)
*[[Elise Asher]] (1914–2004)
*Milton Avery (1885–1965)
*[[Milton Avery]] (1885–1965)


'''B'''
'''B'''
*Alice Baber (1928–1982)
*[[Alice Baber]] (1928–1982)
*William Baziotes (1912 – 1963)
*[[William Baziotes]] (1912 – 1963)
*Robert Beauchamp (1923–1995)
*[[Robert Beauchamp]] (1923–1995)
*Rosemarie Beck (1925-)
*[[Rosemarie Beck]] (1925-)
*Benn Ben (1884–1983)
*[[Benn Ben]] (1884–1983)
*J. Benton (NA)
*[[J. Benton]] (NA)
*Janice Biala (1903–2000)
*[[Janice Biala]] (1903–2000)
*Nell Blaine (1922–1996)
*[[Nell Blaine]] (1922–1996)
*Ilya Bolotowsky (1907–1981)
*[[Ilya Bolotowsky]] (1907–1981)
*Cameron Booth (1892–1980)
*[[Cameron Booth]] (1892–1980)
*Rene Bouche (1906–1963)
*[[Rene Robert Bouche]] (1906–1963)
*Louise Bourgeois (1911-)
*[[Louise Bourgeois]] (1911-)
*Paul Brach (1924–2007)
*[[Paul Brach]] (1924–2007)
*Theodore Brenson (1893–1959)
*[[Theodore Brenson]] (1893–1959)
*Ernest Briggs (1923–1984)
*[[Ernest Briggs]] (1923–1984)
*Gandy Brodie (1925–1975)
*[[Gandy Brodie]] (1925–1975)
*James Brooks (1906–1992)
*[[James Brooks]] (1906–1992)
*Daniel Brustlein (Alain) (1904–1996)
*[[Daniel Brustlein]] (Alain) (1904–1996)
*Fritz Bultman (1919–1985)
*[[Fritz Bultman]] (1919–1985)
*Peter Busa (1914–1985)
*[[Peter Busa]] (1914–1985)
*John Button (1929–1982)
*[[John Button]] (1929–1982)


'''C'''
'''C'''
*Charles Cajori (1921-)
*[[Charles Cajori]] (1921-)
*Gretna Campbell (1922–1987)
*[[Gretna Campbell]] (1922–1987)
*M. Carles (NA)
*[[M. Carles]] (NA)
*Nicolas Carone (1917-)
*[[Nicolas Carone]] (1917-)
*Giorgio Cavallon (1904–1989)
*[[Giorgio Cavallon]] (1904–1989)
*Bernard Chaet (1924-)
*[[Bernard Chaet]] (1924-)
*Chase (NA)
*[[Chase]] (NA)
*Herman Cherry (1909–1992)
*[[Herman Cherry]] (1909–1992)
*Carmen Cicero (1926-)
*[[Carmen Cicero]] (1926-)
*Robert F. Conover (1920–1998)
*[[Robert F. Conover]] (1920–1998)
*Edward Corbett (1919–1971)
*[[Edward Corbett]] (1919–1971)
*Joseph Cornell (1903–1972)
*[[Joseph Cornell]] (1903–1972)
*Martin Craig (1906-)
*[[Martin Craig]] (1906-)
*Rollin Crampton (1896–1970)
*[[Rollin Crampton]] (1896–1970)
*Jane Crawford (NA)
*[[Jane Crawford]] (NA)
*Hubert Crehan (NA)
*[[Hubert Crehan]] (NA)
*Ben Cunningham (1904–1975)
*[[Ben Cunningham (visual arts)]] (1904–1975)


'''D'''
'''D'''
*Nanno de Groot (1913–1963)
*[[Nanno de Groot]] (1913–1963)
*Dorothy Dehner (1901–1994)
*[[Dorothy Dehner]] (1901–1994)
*Elaine de Kooning (1918-(1989)
*[[Elaine de Kooning]] (1918-(1989)
*Willem de Kooning (1904–1997)
*[[Willem de Kooning]] (1904–1997)
*Robert De Niro, Sr. (1922–1993)  
*[[Robert De Niro, Sr.]] (1922–1993)  
*Jose de Rivera (1904–1985)
*[[Jose de Rivera]] (1904–1985)
*Edwin Dickinson (1891–1978)
*[[Edwin Dickinson]] (1891–1978)
*Burgoyne Diller (1906–1965)
*[[Burgoyne Diller]] (1906–1965)
*Lois Dodd (1927-)
*[[Lois Dodd]] (1927-)
*Enrico Donati (1909–2008)
*[[Enrico Donati]] (1909–2008)
*Edward Dugmore (1915–1996)
*[[Edward Dugmore]] (1915–1996)
*Friedel Dzubas (1915–1994)
*[[Friedel Dzubas]] (1915–1994)


'''E'''
'''E'''
*Thomas Brownell Eldred (1903–1993)
*[[Thomas Brownell Eldred]] (1903–1993)
*Arthur Elias (1925-)
*[[Arthur Elias]] (1925-)
*Jimmy Ernst (1920–1984)
*[[Jimmy Ernst]] (1920–1984){{col-break|width=25%}}


'''F'''
'''F'''
*Fred Farr (1914–1973)
*[[Fred Farr]] (1914–1973)
*Sam L. Feinstein (1915-)
*[[Sam L. Feinstein]] (1915-)
*Herbert Ferber (1906–1991)
*[[Herbert Ferber]] (1906–1991)
*John Ferren (1905–1970)
*[[John Ferren]] (1905–1970)
*Fick (NA)
*[[Fick]] (NA)
*Perle Fine (1908–1988)
*[[Perle Fine]] (1908–1988)
*Louis Finkelstein (1923–2000)
*[[Louis Finkelstein]] (1923–2000)
*Joe Fiore (1925-)
*[[Joe Fiore]] (1925-)
*Ida Fischer (1883–1956)
*[[Ida Fischer]] (1883–1956)
*Fitzsimmons (NA)
*[[Fitzsimmons]] (NA)
*Audrey Flack (1931-)
*[[Audrey Flack]] (1931-)
*Jean Follet (1917–1991)
*[[Jean Follet]] (1917–1991)
*Miles Forst (1914-)
*[[Miles Forst]] (1914-)
*Helen Frankenthaler (1928-)
*[[Helen Frankenthaler]] (1928-)
*Seymour Frankes (NA)
*[[Seymour Frankes]] (NA)
*Jane Freilicher (1924-)
*[[Jane Freilicher]] (1924-)
*Syd Fromboluti (1920-)
*[[Syd Fromboluti]] (1920-)


'''G'''
'''G'''
*Sidney Geist (1914–2005)
*[[Sidney Geist]] (1914–2005)
*William Getman (1916–1972)
*[[William Getman]] (1916–1972)
*Ilse Getz (1917–1992)
*[[Ilse Getz]] (1917–1992)
*Joe Giordano
*[[Julia Girona]] (N/A)
*Julio Girona (1914-)
*[[Fritz Glarner]] (1899–1972)
*Fritz Glarner (1899–1972)
*[[Joseph Glasco]] (1925–1996)
*Joseph M. Glasco (1925–1996)
*[[Michael Goldberg]] (Stuart) (1924–2007)
*Michael Goldberg (Stuart) (1924–2007)
*[[Sam Goodman]] (1919 – )
*Sam Goodman (N/A)
*[[Robert Goodnough]] (1917-)
*Robert Goodnough (1917-)
*[[Sidney Gordin]] (1918–1996)
*Sidney Gordin (1918–1996)
*[[Adolph Gottlieb]] (1903–1974)
*Adolph Gottlieb (1903–1974)
*[[John D. Graham]] (1886–1961)
*John D. Graham (1886–1961)
*[[Balcomb Greene]] (1904–1990)
*Balcomb Greene (1904–1990)
*[[Gertrude G. Green]] (1904–1956)
*Gertrude G. Green (1904–1956)
*[[Clement Greenberg]] (1909–1994)
*Clement Greenberg (1909–1994)
*[[John Grillo]] (1917-)
*John Grillo (1917-)
*[[Peter Grippe]] (1912-)
*Peter Grippe (1912-)
*[[Salvatore Grippi]] (1921-)
*Salvatore Grippi (1921-)
*[[Joseph Groell]] (1928 – )
*Joseph Groell (NA)
*[[Jose Guerrero]] (1914–1992)
*Jose Guerrero (1914–1992)
*[[Philip Guston]] (1913–1980)
*Philip Guston (1913–1980)


'''H'''
'''H'''
*Ruth Hageman (NA)
*[[Ruth Hageman]] (NA)
*Raoul Hague (1905–1993)
*[[Raoul Hague]] (1905–1993)
*David Hare (1917–1992)
*[[David Hare]] (1917–1992)
*Grace Hartigan (1922-)
*[[Grace Hartigan]] (1922- 2008)
*Fred Hauck (1905–1960)  
*[[Fred Hauck]] (1905–1960)  
*Sally Hazelet (1924-)
*[[Sally Hazelet]] (1924-)
*Raymond Hendler (1923–1998)
*[[Raymond Hendler]] (1923–1998)
*Emil John Hess (1913-)
*[[Emil John Hess]] (1913-)
*Clinton Hill (1922-)
*[[Clinton Hill]] (1922-)
*Hans Hofmann (1880–1966)
*[[Hans Hofmann]] (1880–1966)
*Charles Hodges (artist) (NA)  
*[[Charles Hodges]] (artist) (NA)  
*John Hultberg (1922–2005)
*[[John Hultberg]] (1922–2005)


'''I'''
'''I'''
*Angelo Ippolito (1922–2002)
*[[Angelo Ippolito]] (1922–2002)
*Richard Ireland (1925-)
*[[Richard Ireland]] (1925-)
*Ben Isquith (N/A)
*[[Ben Isquith]] (N/A)
*Domingo Izquierdo (1931-)
 


'''J'''
'''J'''
*Harry Jackson (artist)|Harry Jackson (1924-)
*[[Harry Jackson]] (artist) (1924-)
*Alfred Jensen (1903–1981)
*[[Alfred Jensen]] (1903–1981)
*Ben Johnson (1902–1967)
*[[Ben Johnson]] (1902–1967)
*Lester Johnson (1919-)
*[[Lester Johnson]] (1919-)


'''K'''
'''K'''
*Reuben Kadish (1913–1992)
*[[Reuben Kadish]] (1913–1992)
*Wolf Kahn (1927-)
*[[Wolf Kahn]] (1927-)
*Herbert Kallem (1909–1994)
*[[Herbert Kallem]] (1909–1994)
*Howard Kanovitz (1929-2009)
*[[Howard Kanovitz]] (1929-2009)
*Morris Kantor (1896–1974)
*[[Morris Kantor]] (1896–1974)
*Kappell (NA)
*Kappell (NA)
*Alex Katz (1927-)
*[[Alex Katz]] (1927-)
*Earl Kerkam (1891–1965)
*[[Earl Kerkam]] (1891–1965)
*William Kienbusch (1914–1980)
*[[William Kienbusch]] (1914–1980)
*Frederich Kiesler (1896–1965)
*[[Frederich Kiesler]] (1896–1965)
*William King ((1925-){{col-break|width=50%}}
*[[William King]] ((1925-)
*Klavin (NA)
*Klavin (NA)
*Franz Kline (1910–1962)
*[[Franz Kline]] (1910–1962)
*Guitou Knoop (1909–1985)
*[[Guitou Knoop]] (1909–1985)
*Gabriel Kohn (1910–1975)
*[[Gabriel Kohn]] (1910–1975)
*Albert Kotin (1907–1980)
*[[Albert Kotin]] (1907–1980)
*Lee Krasner (1908–1984)
*[[Lee Krasner]] (1908–1984)
*Albert Kresch (1922–)
*[[Albert Kresch]] (1922–){{col-break|width=25%}}


'''L'''
'''L'''
*Ibram Lassaw (1913–2003)
*I[[bram Lassaw]] (1913–2003)
*Alfred Leslie (1927-)
*[[Alfred Leslie]] (1927-)
*Israel J. Levitan (1912–1982)
*[[Israel J. Levitan]] (1912–1982)
*Norman Lewis (1909–1979)  
*[[Norman W. Lewis]] (1909–1979)  
*Landes Lewitin (1892–1966)
*[[Landes Lewitin]] (1892–1966)
*Linda Lindeberg (1915–1973)
*[[Linda Lindeberg]] (1915–1973)
*Richard Lippold (1915–2002)
*[[Richard Lippold]] (1915–2002)
*Seymour Lipton (1903–1986)
*[[Seymour Lipton]] (1903–1986)
*John Little (artist) (1907–1984)
*[[John Little]] (artist) (1907–1984)
*William H. Littlefield (1902–1969)
*[[William H. Littlefield]] (1902–1969)
*Michael Loew (1907–1985)
*[[Michael Loew]] (1907–1985)
*Vincent J. Longo (1923-)
*[[Vincent J. Longo]] (1923-)
*David Lund (1925-)
*[[David Lund]] (1925-)


'''M'''
'''M'''
*M. Manning (NA)
*M. Manning (NA)
*Conrad Marca-Relli (1913–2000)
*[[Conrad Marca-Relli]] (1913–2000)
*Marcia Marcus (1928-)
*[[Marcia Marcus]] (1928-)
*Boris Margo (1902–1995)
*[[Boris Margo]] (1902–1995)
*Marisol Escobar (1930-)
*[[Marisol Escobar]] (1930-)
*Nicholas Marsicano (1908–1991)  
*[[Nicholas Marsicano]] (1908–1991)  
*Knox Martin (1923-)
*[[Knox Martin]] (1923-)
*Alice T. Mason (1904–1971)  
*[[Alice T. Mason]] (1904–1971)  
*Mercedes Matter (1913–2001)
*[[Mercedes Matter]] (1913–2001)
*George McNeil (1908–1995)
*[[George McNeil]] (1908–1995)
*Deven Mead (NA)
*Deven Mead (NA)
*Joseph Messina (NA)
*Joseph Messina (NA)
*Jeanne Patterson Miles (1908–1999)
*[[Jeanne Patterson Miles]] (1908–1999)
*Fred Mitchell (1923-)
*[[Fred Mitchell]] (1923-)
*Joan Mitchell (1926–1992)
*[[Joan Mitchell]] (1926–1992)
*Hans Moller (1905-200)
*[[Hans Moller]] (1905-200)
*Kyle Morris (1917–1979)
*[[Kyle Morris]] (1917–1979)
*Robert Motherwell (1915–1991)
*[[Robert Motherwell]] (1915–1991)
*Jan Müller (1922–1958)
*[[Jan Müller]] (1922–1958)


'''N'''
'''N'''
*Reuben Nakian (1897–1986)
*[[Reuben Nakian]] (1897–1986)
*Louise Berliawsky Nevelson (1900–1988)
*[[Louise Berliawsky Nevelson]] (1900–1988)
*Al James Newbill (1921-)
*[[Al James Newbill]] (1921-)
*Roy Newell (NA)
*Roy Newell (NA)
*Costantino Nivola (1911–1988)
*[[Costantino Nivola]] (1911–1988)
*Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988)
*[[Isamu Noguchi]] (1904–1988)
*Kenneth Noland (1924-)
*[[Kenneth Noland]] (1924-)


'''O'''
'''O'''
*Kenzo Okada (1902–1982)
*[[Kenzo Okada]] (1902–1982)
*George Ortman (1926-)
*[[George Ortman]] (1926-)
*Cyril Osborn (NA)
*Cyril Osborn (NA)
*Alfonso A. Ossorio (1916–1990)
*[[Alfonso A. Ossorio]] (1916–1990)


'''P'''
'''P'''
*Stephan Pace (1918-)
*[[Stephan Pace]] (1918-)
*Charlotte Park (1918-)
*[[Charlotte Park]] (1918-)
*Ray Parker (1922–1990)
*[[Ray Parker]] (1922–1990)
*Felix Pasilis (1922-)
*[[Felix Pasilis]] (1922-)
*Patricia Passlof (NA)
*[[Patricia Passlof]] (NA)
*Philip Pavia (1912–2005)
*[[Philip Pavia]] (1912–2005)
*Vincent Pepi (1926-)  
*[[Vincent Pepi]] (1926-)  
*Philip Pearlstein (1924-)
*[[Philip Pearlstein]] (1924-)
*Howard Petersen (NA)
*Howard Petersen (NA)
*Vita Peterson (NA)
*Vita Peterson (NA)
*Reginald Pollack (1924–2001)
*[[Reginald Pollack]] (1924–2001)
*Jackson Pollock (1912–1956)
*[[Jackson Pollock]] (1912–1956)
*Fairfield Porter (1907–1975)
*[[Fairfield Porter]] (1907–1975)
*Richard Pousette-Dart (1916–1992)
*[[Richard Pousette-Dart]] (1916–1992)
*Melville Price (1920–1970)
*[[Melville Price]] (1920–1970)


'''R'''
'''R'''
*Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008)
*[[Robert Rauschenberg]] (1925-2008)
*Ad Reinhardt (1913–1967)
*[[Ad Reinhardt]] (1913–1967)
*Wallace Reiss (1925–1978))
*[[Wallace Reiss]] (1925–1978))
*Theophil Reppke (N/A)
*Theophil Reppke (N/A)
*Milton Resnick (1917–2004)
*[[Milton Resnick]] (1917–2004)
*Jeanne Reynal (1903–1983)
*[[Jeanne Reynal]] (1903–1983)
*Robert Richenburg (1917–2006)
*[[Robert Richenburg]] (1917–2006)
*Larry Rivers (1923–2002)
*[[Larry Rivers]] (1923–2002)
*Raymond Rocklin (1922-)
*[[Raymond Rocklin]] (1922-)
*James Rosati (1911–1988)
*[[James Rosati]] (1911–1988)
*Leatrice Rose (N/A)
*[[Leatrice Rose]] (N/A)
*Anne Ryan (1889–1954)
*[[Anne Ryan]] (1889–1954){{col-break|width=25%}}


'''S'''
'''S'''
*Attilio Salemme (1911–1955)
*[[Attilio Salemme]] (1911–1955)
*Ludwig Sander (1906–1975)
*[[Ludwig Sander]] (1906–1975)
*Joop Sanders (1921-)
*[[Joop Sanders]] (1921-)
*Angelo Savelli (1911-)
*[[Angelo Savelli]] (1911-)
*Louis Schanker (1903–1981)
*[[Louis Schanker]] (1903–1981)
*Miriam Schapiro (1923-)
*[[Miriam Schapiro]] (1923-)
*Abram Schlemovitz (N/A)  
*Abram Schlemovitz (N/A)  
*Edith Schloss (1919-)
*[[Edith Schloss]] (1919-)
*Day T. Schnabel (1905-)
*[[Day T. Schnabel]] (1905-)
*Max Schnitzler (1903-)
*[[Max Schnitzler]] (1903-)
*Jon Schueler (1916–1992)
*[[Jon Schueler]] (1916–1992)
*Ethel K. Schwabacher (1903–1984)
*[[Ethel K. Schwabacher]] (1903–1984)
*Sonia Sekula (1918–1963)
*[[Sonia Sekula]] (1918–1963)
*Charles Seliger (1926-)
*[[Charles Seliger]] (1926-)
*Kurt Seligman  (1900–1962)
*[[Kurt Seligman]] (1900–1962)
*Thomas A. Sills (1914–2000)
*[[Thomas A. Sills]] (1914–2000)
*David Slivka (1914-)
*[[David Slivka]] (1914-)
*David Smith (1906–1965)
*[[David Smith]] (1906–1965)
*Hyde Solomon (1911–1982)
*[[Hyde Solomon]] (1911–1982)
*George Spaventa (1918–1978)
*[[George Spaventa]] (1918–1978)
*Ray Spillenger (1924-)
*[[Ray Spillenger]] (1924-)
*Nora Speyer (1923-)
*[[Nora Speyer]] (1923-)
*Jack Squire (1927-)  
*[[Jack Squire]] (1927-)  
*Theodoros Stamos (1922–1997)
*[[Theodoros Stamos]] (1922–1997)
*Richard Stankiewicz (1922–1983)
*[[Richard Stankiewicz]] (1922–1983)
*Joe Stefanelli (artist) (1921-)
*[[Joe Stefanelli]] (artist) (1921-)
*John Stephan (1906–1994)
*[[John Stephan]] (1906–1994)
*Hedda Sterne (1910-)
*[[Hedda L. Sterne]] (1910-)
*Jean Steubing (NA)
*[[Jean Steubing]] (NA)


'''T'''
'''T'''
*Anne Tabachnick (1927-1995)
*[[Anne Tabachnick]] (1927-1995)
*Tavelli (NA)
*Tavelli (NA)
*Albert Terris (NA)
*Albert Terris (NA)
*Yvonne Thomas (1913-)
*[[Yvonne Thomas]] (1913-)
*Tolkach (NA)
*Tolkach (NA)
*Bradley Walker Tomlin (1899–1953)
*[[Bradley Walker Tomlin]] (1899–1953)
*Turku Trajan (1887–1957)
*[[Turku Trajan]] (1887–1957)
*Cy Twombly (1928-)
*[[Cy Twombly]] (1928-)
*Jack Tworkov (1900–1982)
*[[Jack Tworkov]] (1900–1982)


'''V'''
'''V'''
*Nicolai I. Vasilieff (1892–1970)
*[[Nicolai I. Vasilieff]] (1892–1970)
*Esteban Vicente (1904–2001)
*[[Esteban Vicente]] (1904–2001)
*Vaclav Vytlacil (1892–1984)
*[[Vaclav Vytlacil]] (1892–1984)


'''W'''
'''W'''
*Weil (NA)
*Weil (NA)
*Michael (Corinne) West (1908–1991)
*[[Michael (Corinne) West]] (1908–1991)
*Pennerton West (1913-)
*[[Pennerton West]] (1913-)
*Steve Wheeler (1912–1992)
*[[Steve Wheeler]] (1912–1992)
*Connie Whidden (NA)
*Connie Whidden (NA)
*William White (NA)
*William White (NA)
*Norman Wiener (NA)
*Norman Wiener (NA)
*Jane Wilson (1924-)
*[[Jane Wilson]] (1924-)


'''Y'''
'''Y'''
*Taro Yamamoto (1919–1993)
*[[Taro Yamamoto]] (1919–1993)
*Alice Yamin (NA)
*Alice Yamin (NA)
*Manoucher Yekta] (1922-)
*[[Manoucher Yektai]] (1922-)
*Adja Yunkers  (1900–1983)
*[[Adja Yunkers]] (1900–1983)


'''Z'''
'''Z'''
*Wilfrid Zogbaum (1915–1965)
*[[Wilfrid Zogbaum]] (1915–1965)
|}
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*[http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!215688!0#focus ''Abstract expressionist art movement in America video documentation project, 1991-1992.'']
*[http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!215688!0#focus ''Abstract expressionist art movement in America video documentation project, 1991-1992.''][[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]

Latest revision as of 11:01, 25 September 2024

This article is developing and not approved.
 Main Article
 Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
 
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=New_York_School_abstract_expressionism&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

New York School abstract expressionism dominated a period of the post-World War II art world, beginning in 1945 and lasting to about 1957, when pop art appeared.

The renowned art historian Marilyn Stokstad wrote the following[1]:

When the United States of America emerged from World War II as the most powerful nation in the world its new stature was soon reflected in the arts. American artists and architects—especially those living in New York City—assumed a leadership in artistic innovation that by the late 1950s had been acknowledged across the Atlantic even in Paris.

History

By the late 1940s artists of the New York School felt the need to organize themselves. The first meeting place was the “Studio 35,” located at 35 East 8th Street. Robert Iglehart, Hale Woodruff and Tony Smith who were teachers in the New York University School of Art Education, in the fall of 1949 privately took over the loft which previously housed “Subjects of the Artist,” “Studio 35” provided the forum for Friday evening lectures by advanced artists. Among the artists who lectured, were Jean Arp, William Baziotes, Jimmy Ernst, Herbert Ferber, Fritz Glarner, Adolph Gottlieb, Harry Holtzman, Weldon Kees, Willem de Kooning, Robert Motherwell, Barnett Newman, Ad Reinhardt and Mark Rothko. It closed in April 23, 1950 after a three-day seminar.[2]

The Club

The first organized activity by the New York avant-garde was the formation of The Club. Rudi Blesh described the atmosphere at the time of its formation:[3]

The Club was set up in 1949 by a group of twenty. There was one empty place at The Club that no one could ever fill. That was the place of that wild, lovable Armenian, Wostanig Adoyan, who had taken the fanciful name of Arshile Gorky when he came to America. Gorky, who had been proud of the fact that three art schools had ‘canned’ him, who had endured the most abject poverty in order to paint, who all through the terrible 1920’s and on to the end of his life had fought thievishly for modernism, was only forty four when he died in 1948. But his influence had been tremendous with the other men: he spoke their language both in paint and in words—that soaring, poetic word-imagery which painters will not tolerate from critics, but themselves love to employ. Gorky was gone, and, as Lloyd Goodrich, Director of the Whitney Museum, was moved to say, it ‘was a tragic loss to the art of America and the world’ Gorky’s going was then so recent as to be not quite believable.

The Club or the Artists’ Club was located at 39 East 8th Street. The mem­bers, with few ex­cep­tions, were mostly war vet­er­an, forty year old, pro­fes­sion­al artists. Prior to the war, many of them par­tic­i­pat­ed in the Federal Art Project, (WPA) Works Progress Ad­min­is­tra­tion, which pro­vid­ed sti­pends during the depression in the Roosevelt administration.

Jeanne Miles, one of the veteran artists of the early members of the Club, described it in the following way:[4]

Phillip Pavia and Landes Lewitin were, in a way, the backbone of the Club. The weekly meetings were filled with volatile discussion and argument. Artists had a chance there to exchange ideas and confront critics and curators, who were often invited to the Club to explain themselves. The Cedar Bar and the Club probably had the most stimulating influence on American art since the Armory show. At that time there was a contagious atmosphere of involvement in art. For many artists the Cedar Bar was a home away from, home. Franz Kline picked up his mail there. Any night of the week it housed the ‘art world’—artists, critics, dealers, collectors, museum curators and directors. Since they all fit into the bar, the art world was not as large as we thought it was. The talk was always about art, and there were fights, but the issues were aesthetic. There was no art market money talk then. The atmosphere provided nourishment for many struggling artists who later became successful.

Jack Tworkov, one of the members of the Club later recollected:[5]

Post World War II painting in New York moved against two repressive experiences-the rhetoric of social realism, preached especially by the artists and ideologues on the arts projects of the thirties, and the hegemony of Paris in modern art. The re­sponse was an art that stood against all formula, an art in which impulse, instinct and the automatic, as guides to interior reality, were to usurp all forms of intellectualizing. I cannot remember any period of my life that so went to my head as 1949. It marked the foundation of the Artists’ Club in New York and heralded a decade of painting as fruitful and revolutionary as the Impressionism of 1870.

9th Street Art Exhibition

The weekly discussions in the Club led to the idea of organizing an exhibition. The organization of the “9th Street Show,” May 21- June 10, 1951, aimed to connect to the public and to unify the down­town artists. The show was located at 60 East 9th Street in the first floor and the basement of a building that was about to be demolished. [6]

The artists celebrated not only the appearance of dealers, collectors, and museum people on 9th Street, and the consequent exposure of their work but they celebrated the creation and the strength of a living community of significant dimensions........There was an informal committee that chose the participants, actively viewing work by newcomers along with notifying artists in and around the Club.

The poster of the historical "9th St." Show [7]was designed by Franz Kline, listing the names of the sixty-one invited participants.

Artists of the 9th Street Art Exhibition [8]

The 9th Street Art Exhibition showed the work of the pioneers of the New York School:

New York Artists’ Annuals

The New York School which represented the New York School abstract expressionists of the 1950s was documented through a series of artists’ painting and sculpture annual exhibitions.

The First New York Painting and Sculpture Annual held initially in New York City at a temporary gallery in 9th Street in 1951. The 9th Street Art Exhibition (“9th St.” Show) continued in 1953 at the Stable Gallery[9] in New York City and continued until 1957.[10][11][12][13][14][15]

The Complete List of Artists' Participation in the New York Painting and Sculpture Annuals, 1951-1957 [16]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I


J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

V

W

Y

Z

References

  1. ↑ ‘’Marylin Stokstad, Art History. Revised edition, Volume 2’’ (New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1999) p. 1109. ISBN 0810919915
  2. ↑ Robert Motherwell, Ad Reinhardt, Aaron Siskind, Bernard Karpel, Joyce Wittenborn eds., Modern Artists in America, first series, (New York: Wittenborn Schultz, Inc., 1950.) OCLC 58912632
  3. ↑ Stuart Davis; Lloyd Goodrich; Whitney Museum of American Art, Biographical note in catalogue of the Arshile Gorky Memorial Exhibition, Whitney Museum of American Art, 1951
  4. ↑ Jeanne Miles, Art Now, co-editor, Ward Jackson; New York, Vol. 1, No. 10, Dec. 1969
  5. ↑ Jack Tworkov, “Notes on My Painting,” Art in America (September-October 1973), p. 69
  6. ↑ Bruce Altshuler, ‘’The avant-Garde In Exhibition New Art in the 20th Century,’’ New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994, Chap­ter 9, p.171.
  7. ↑ ‘’9th Street Art Exhibition’’
  8. ↑ ‘’9th Street Art Exhibition’’
  9. ↑ New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists, (New York School Press, 2000.) ISBN 0-9677994-0-6, pp.18-33
  10. ↑ 9th Street Art Exhibition,
  11. ↑ Second Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,
  12. ↑ Third Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,
  13. ↑ Fourth Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,
  14. ↑ Fifth Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture,
  15. ↑ New York Artists' 6th Annual Exhibition.
  16. ↑ New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists,
Retrieved from "https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=New_York_School_abstract_expressionism&oldid=982692"