31st United States Congress: Difference between revisions

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The '''Thirty-first United States [[U.S. Congress|Congress]]''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the [[United States Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives]]. It met in [[Washington, D.C.]] from March 4, 1849 to March 3, 1851, during the administration of [[President of the United States |U.S. President]] [[Zachary Taylor]] and the first months of the administration of his successor, [[President of the United States |U.S. President]] [[Millard Fillmore]].  
The '''Thirty-first United States [[U.S. Congress|Congress]]''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the [[United States Senate]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives]]. It met in [[Washington, D.C.]] from March 4, 1849 to March 3, 1851, during the administration of [[President of the United States |U.S. President]] [[Zachary Taylor]] and the first months of the administration of his successor, [[President of the United States |U.S. President]] [[Millard Fillmore]].  


The apportionment of seats in this [[United States House of Representatives |House of Representatives]] was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] majority, while there was a Democratic plurality in the House.
The apportionment of seats in this [[U.S. House of Representatives |House of Representatives]] was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] majority, while there was a Democratic plurality in the House.


===Dates of sessions===
===Dates of sessions===
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** [[Millard Fillmore]], ''[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]'' of [[New York (disambiguation)|New York]], succeeded to the Presidency July 9, 1850, vacant thereafter.
** [[Millard Fillmore]], ''[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]'' of [[New York (disambiguation)|New York]], succeeded to the Presidency July 9, 1850, vacant thereafter.
*[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate| President ''pro tempore'' of the Senate]]:
*[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate| President ''pro tempore'' of the Senate]]:
** [[David Rice Atchison| David R. Atchison]], ''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]'' of [[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]], elected March 5, 1849.
** [[David Rice Atchison| David R. Atchison]], ''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]'' of [[[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]]], elected March 5, 1849.
** [[William R. King]], ''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]'' of [[Alabama (U.S. state)]], elected May 6, 1850.
** [[William R. King]], ''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]'' of [[Alabama (U.S. state)]], elected May 6, 1850.
:'''House of Representatives'''
:'''House of Representatives'''
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|   
|   
:'''A-F'''     
:'''A-F'''     
* [[David Rice Atchison|David R. Atchison]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[David Rice Atchison|David R. Atchison]], ''[[[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]]]''   
* [[Robert Woodward Barnwell|Robert W. Barnwell]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''
* [[Robert Woodward Barnwell|Robert W. Barnwell]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''
* [[Thomas Hart Benton (senator)|Thomas H. Benton]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[Thomas Hart Benton (senator)|Thomas H. Benton]], ''[[[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]]]''   
* [[Solon Borland]], ''[[Arkansas (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Solon Borland]], ''[[Arkansas (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[James W. Bradbury]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[James W. Bradbury]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
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* [[Daniel S. Dickinson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Daniel S. Dickinson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Augustus C. Dodge]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''   
* [[Augustus C. Dodge]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''   
* [[Henry Dodge]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Henry Dodge]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Stephen A. Douglas]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Stephen A. Douglas]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Solomon W. Downs]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[Solomon W. Downs]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
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* [[Hannibal Hamlin]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Hannibal Hamlin]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Sam Houston|Samuel Houston]], ''[[Texas (U.S. state)|Texas]]''   
* [[Sam Houston|Samuel Houston]], ''[[Texas (U.S. state)|Texas]]''   
* [[Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter|Robert M. T. Hunter]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter|Robert M. T. Hunter]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[George W. Jones]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''   
* [[George W. Jones]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''   
* [[William R. King|William R. D. King]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[William R. King|William R. D. King]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[David Levy Yulee]], ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
* [[David Levy Yulee]], ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
* [[James Murray Mason|James M. Mason]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[James Murray Mason|James M. Mason]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Moses Norris Jr.|Moses Norris, Jr.]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Moses Norris Jr.|Moses Norris, Jr.]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Robert Rantoul, Jr.|Robert J. Rantoul, Jr.]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''  
* [[Robert Rantoul, Jr.|Robert J. Rantoul, Jr.]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''  
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* [[Daniel Sturgeon]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Daniel Sturgeon]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Hopkins L. Turney]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Hopkins L. Turney]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Isaac P. Walker]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Isaac P. Walker]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''   
* [[James Whitcomb]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[James Whitcomb]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[David Levy Yulee]] , ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
* [[David Levy Yulee]] , ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
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* [[Jackson Morton]], ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
* [[Jackson Morton]], ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
* [[James Pearce|James A. Pearce]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[James Pearce|James A. Pearce]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Samuel S. Phelps]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[Samuel S. Phelps]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[Thomas Pratt|Thomas G. Pratt]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''  
* [[Thomas Pratt|Thomas G. Pratt]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''  
|
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* [[David Stewart (Maryland)|David Stewart]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''  
* [[David Stewart (Maryland)|David Stewart]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''  
* [[Joseph R. Underwood]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Joseph R. Underwood]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[William Upham]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[William Upham]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[John Wales]], ''[[Delaware (U.S. state)|Delaware]]''   
* [[John Wales]], ''[[Delaware (U.S. state)|Delaware]]''   
* [[Daniel Webster]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''
* [[Daniel Webster]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''
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====House of Representatives====
====House of Representatives====
Members of the [[United States House of Representatives| House of Representatives]] were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.
Members of the [[U.S. House of Representatives| House of Representatives]] were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.


=====[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]=====     
=====[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]=====     
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* [[Nathaniel Albertson]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Nathaniel Albertson]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[William Shepperd Ashe|William S. Ashe]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[William Shepperd Ashe|William S. Ashe]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Thomas H. Averett]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Thomas H. Averett]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[William V. Bay]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[William V. Bay]], ''[[[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]]]''   
* [[Thomas H. Bayly]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Thomas H. Bayly]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[James M. H. Beale]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[James M. H. Beale]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Kinsley S. Bingham]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''   
* [[Kinsley S. Bingham]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''   
* [[William Henry Bissell|William H. Bissell]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[William Henry Bissell|William H. Bissell]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Thomas S. Bocock]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Thomas S. Bocock]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Franklin Welsh Bowdon|Franklin W. Bowdon]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Franklin Welsh Bowdon|Franklin W. Bowdon]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[James B. Bowlin]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[James B. Bowlin]], ''[[[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]]]''   
* [[Linn Boyd]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Linn Boyd]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[John Brisbin]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''
* [[John Brisbin]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''
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* [[Milo Melankthon Dimmick|Milo M. Dimmick]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Milo Melankthon Dimmick|Milo M. Dimmick]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[David T. Disney]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[David T. Disney]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[James Duane Doty|James D. Doty]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''   
* [[James Duane Doty|James D. Doty]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Cyrus L. Dunham]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Cyrus L. Dunham]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Henry A. Edmundson]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Henry A. Edmundson]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Andrew Ewing]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Andrew Ewing]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Winfield S. Featherston]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
* [[Winfield S. Featherston]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
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* [[Alfred Gilmore]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Alfred Gilmore]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Willis A. Gorman]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Willis A. Gorman]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[James S. Green]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[James S. Green]], ''[[[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]]]''   
* [[Thomas C. Hackett]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Thomas C. Hackett]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Willard Preble Hall|Willard P. Hall]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[Willard Preble Hall|Willard P. Hall]], ''[[[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]]]''   
* [[William Thomas Hamilton|William T. Hamilton]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[William Thomas Hamilton|William T. Hamilton]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Edward Hammond (politician)|Edward Hammond]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Edward Hammond (politician)|Edward Hammond]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
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* [[Harry Hibbard]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Harry Hibbard]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Moses Hoagland]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Moses Hoagland]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Alexander Holladay|Alexander R. Holladay]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Alexander Holladay|Alexander R. Holladay]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Isaac E. Holmes]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[Isaac E. Holmes]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[Volney E. Howard]], ''[[Texas (U.S. state)|Texas]]''   
* [[Volney E. Howard]], ''[[Texas (U.S. state)|Texas]]''   
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* [[John Alexander McClernand|John A. McClernand]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[John Alexander McClernand|John A. McClernand]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Joseph E. McDonald]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Joseph E. McDonald]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[James McDowell]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[James McDowell]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[James Xavier McLanahan|James X. McLanahan]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[James Xavier McLanahan|James X. McLanahan]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Robert Milligan McLane|Robert M. McLane]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Robert Milligan McLane|Robert M. McLane]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[LaFayette McMullen]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[LaFayette McMullen]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[John McQueen]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''
* [[John McQueen]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''
* [[William McWillie]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
* [[William McWillie]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
* [[Richard K. Meade]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Richard K. Meade]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[John K. Miller]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[John K. Miller]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[John S. Millson]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[John S. Millson]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Jonathan D. Morris]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Jonathan D. Morris]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[George W. Morrison]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''  
* [[George W. Morrison]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''  
* [[Isaac Edward Morse|Isaac E. Morse]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[Isaac Edward Morse|Isaac E. Morse]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[Alexander Newman]], ''[[Virginia]]''
* [[Alexander Newman]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''
* [[Edson B. Olds]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Edson B. Olds]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[James Lawrence Orr|James L. Orr]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[James Lawrence Orr|James L. Orr]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
|
|
:'''P-Q-R'''     
:'''P-Q-R'''     
* [[Richard Parker (congressman)|Richard Parker]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Richard Parker (congressman)|Richard Parker]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Charles H. Peaslee]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Charles H. Peaslee]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Lucius B. Peck]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[Lucius B. Peck]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[Alexander G. Penn]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''
* [[Alexander G. Penn]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''
* [[John S. Phelps]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[John S. Phelps]], ''[[[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]]]''   
* [[Emery D. Potter]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Emery D. Potter]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Paulus Powell]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Paulus Powell]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[William Alexander Richardson|William A. Richardson]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[William Alexander Richardson|William A. Richardson]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[John Robbins (congressman)|John Robbins, Jr.]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John Robbins (congressman)|John Robbins, Jr.]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
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* [[John Houston Savage|John H. Savage]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[John Houston Savage|John H. Savage]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Cullen Sawtelle]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Cullen Sawtelle]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[James Seddon|James A. Seddon]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[James Seddon|James A. Seddon]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Alexander D. Sims]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''  
* [[Alexander D. Sims]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''  
* [[Frederick Perry Stanton|Frederick P. Stanton]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Frederick Perry Stanton|Frederick P. Stanton]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
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* [[Charles E. Clarke]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Charles E. Clarke]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Thomas Lanier Clingman|Thomas L. Clingman]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Thomas Lanier Clingman|Thomas L. Clingman]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Orsamus Cole]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Orsamus Cole]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Harmon S. Conger]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Harmon S. Conger]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Charles Magill Conrad|Charles M. Conrad]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''  
* [[Charles Magill Conrad|Charles M. Conrad]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''  
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* [[Moses Hampton]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Moses Hampton]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Andrew K. Hay]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
* [[Andrew K. Hay]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
* [[Thomas Haymond|Thomas S. Haymond]], ''[[Virginia]]''  
* [[Thomas Haymond|Thomas S. Haymond]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''  
* [[William Hebard]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[William Hebard]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[William Henry (congressman)|William Henry]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[William Henry (congressman)|William Henry]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[Henry W. Hilliard]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Henry W. Hilliard]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[John W. Houston]], ''[[Delaware (U.S. state)|Delaware]]''   
* [[John W. Houston]], ''[[Delaware (U.S. state)|Delaware]]''   
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:'''M-N-O'''     
:'''M-N-O'''     
* [[Horace Mann]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Horace Mann]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[George Perkins Marsh|George P. Marsh]], ''[[Vermont]]''  
* [[George Perkins Marsh|George P. Marsh]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''  
* [[Humphrey Marshall (general)|Humphrey Marshall]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Humphrey Marshall (general)|Humphrey Marshall]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Orsamus B. Matteson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Orsamus B. Matteson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
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* [[Thomas McKissock]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Thomas McKissock]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Finis McLean|Finis E. McLean]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Finis McLean|Finis E. McLean]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[James Meacham]], ''[[Vermont]]''  
* [[James Meacham]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''  
* [[Daniel F. Miller]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''
* [[Daniel F. Miller]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''
* [[Henry Dunning Moore|Henry D. Moore]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Henry Dunning Moore|Henry D. Moore]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Charles S. Morehead]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Charles S. Morehead]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Jeremiah Morton]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Jeremiah Morton]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[William Nelson (congressman)|William Nelson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[William Nelson (congressman)|William Nelson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Henry Nes]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''  
* [[Henry Nes]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''  
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* [[Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician)|Charles Allen]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician)|Charles Allen]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Walter Booth]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''   
* [[Walter Booth]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''   
* [[Charles Durkee]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Charles Durkee]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''   
|
|
:'''G-O'''     
:'''G-O'''     
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*[[Secretary of the United States Senate| Secretary of the Senate]]:
*[[Secretary of the United States Senate| Secretary of the Senate]]:
**[[Asbury Dickens]] of [[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]
**[[Asbury Dickens]] of [[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]
*[[Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate| Sergeant at Arms of the Senate]]: [[Robert Beale]] of [[Virginia]]
*[[Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate| Sergeant at Arms of the Senate]]: [[Robert Beale]] of [[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]
*[[Chaplain of the United States Senate| Chaplain of the Senate]]:
*[[Chaplain of the United States Senate| Chaplain of the Senate]]:
** [[Henry Slicer]], [[Methodism| ''Methodist'']]
** [[Henry Slicer]], [[Methodism| ''Methodist'']]
Line 1,452: Line 1,452:
**[[Robert E. Horner]] of [[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]], removed May 27, 1850.
**[[Robert E. Horner]] of [[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]], removed May 27, 1850.
*[[Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives| Postmaster of the House]]:
*[[Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives| Postmaster of the House]]:
**[[John M. Johnson]] of [[Virginia]], elected January 11, 1850,
**[[John M. Johnson]] of [[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]], elected January 11, 1850,
*[[Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives| Chaplain of the House]]:
*[[Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives| Chaplain of the House]]:
**[[Ralph Gurley]], [[Presbyterianism| ''Presbyterian'']]
**[[Ralph Gurley]], [[Presbyterianism| ''Presbyterian'']]
|}
|}


===Notes===
==References==
<references />
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Reviewed Passed]][[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]

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United States Capitol

The Thirty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1849 to March 3, 1851, during the administration of U.S. President Zachary Taylor and the first months of the administration of his successor, U.S. President Millard Fillmore.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while there was a Democratic plurality in the House.

Dates of sessions

March 4, 1849 - March 3, 1851

  • Special session of the Senate: March 5, 1849 - March 23, 184
  • First session: December 3, 1849 - September 30, 1850
  • Second session: December 2, 1850 - March 3, 1851
  • Previous congress: 30th Congress
  • Next congress: 32nd Congress

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

TOTAL members: 62

House of Representatives

TOTAL members: 233

Leadership

Senate
House of Representatives

Major events

Events of 1849, 1850 and 1851

Major legislation

List of United States federal legislation in the 31st Congress

Membership highlights by chamber

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1854.

Alabama
Arkansas
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virginia
Wisconsin

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama
Arkansas
California [1]
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virginia
Wisconsin

Delegates

Minnesota Territory
Oregon Territory

Membership detail by state

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1854.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

Alabama

Senate
House of Representatives (7 seats)

Arkansas

Senate
House of Representatives (1 seat)

California

Senate
House of Representatives (2 seats) [2]

Connecticut

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

Delaware

Senate
House of Representatives (1 seat)

Florida

Senate
House of Representatives (1 seat)

Georgia

Senate
House of Representatives (8 seats)

Illinois

Senate
House of Representatives (7 seats)

Indiana

Senate
House of Representatives (10 seats)

Iowa

Senate
House of Representatives (2 seats)

Kentucky

Senate
House of Representatives (10 seats)

Louisiana

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

Maine

Senate
House of Representatives (7 seats)

Maryland

Senate
House of Representatives ( seats)

Massachusetts

Senate
House of Representatives (10 seats)

Michigan

Senate
House of Representatives (3 seats)

Mississippi

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

Missouri

Senate
House of Representatives (5 seats)

New Hampshire

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

New Jersey

Senate
House of Representatives (5 seats)

New York

Senate
House of Representatives (34 seats)

North Carolina

Senate
House of Representatives ( seats)

Ohio

Senate
House of Representatives (21 seats)

Pennsylvania

Senate
House of Representatives (24 seats)

Rhode Island

Senate
House of Representatives (2 seats)

South Carolina

Senate
House of Representatives (7 seats)

Tennessee

Senate
House of Representatives (11 seats)

Texas

Senate
House of Representatives (2 seats)

Vermont

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

Virginia

Senate
House of Representatives (15 seats)

Wisconsin

Senate
House of Representatives (3 seats)

Delegates

Minnesota Territory
  • A/L: Henry H. Sibley (1811-1891), …newly formed territory, seated December 3, 1849.
Oregon Territory


Membership detail by Chamber/Party

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

Democratic
A-F
G-R
S-Z
Whig
A-F
G-R
S-Z
Free Soil

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

Democratic
A-B-C
D-E-F
G-H-I
J-K-L
M-N-O
P-Q-R
S-T-U-V
W-X-Y-Z
Whig
A-B-C
D-E-F
G-H-I
J-K-L
M-N-O
P-Q-R
S-T-U-V
W-X-Y-Z
Free Soil
A-F
G-O
P-Z
American
Independent

Membership Changes

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate
  • replacements: 5
  • deaths: 1
  • resignations: 3
  • seats from newly admitted states: 2
  • interim appointments: 4
  • Total seats with changes: 8
House of Representatives
  • replacements: 11
  • deaths: 8
  • resignations: 5
  • contested election:1
  • seats from newly admitted states: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 16

Officers

Senate
House of Representatives

References

  1. ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
  2. ↑ Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
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