Bosnia and Herzegovina: Difference between revisions
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'''Bosnia and Herzegovina''' (in [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]] and [[Serbian language|Serbian]]: ''Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина'') is a country on the [[Balkans|Balkan]] peninsula. It borders [[Croatia]] to the north and to the west, [[Serbia]] to the east, [[Montenegro]] to the south and has a narrow access to the [[Adriatic Sea]]. The capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina is [[Sarajevo]]. The country has 51 187 km² and 4 621 598 inhabitants (July 2010 est.).<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html CIA World Factbook.]</ref> | '''Bosnia and Herzegovina''' (in [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]] and [[Serbian language|Serbian]]: ''Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина'') is a country on the [[Balkans|Balkan]] peninsula. It borders [[Croatia]] to the north and to the west, [[Serbia]] to the east, [[Montenegro]] to the south and has a narrow access to the [[Adriatic Sea]]. The capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina is [[Sarajevo]]. The country has 51 187 km² and 4 621 598 inhabitants (July 2010 est.).<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html CIA World Factbook.]</ref> | ||
Due to its complex inheritance from former [[Yugoslavia]], Bosnia and Herzegovina obtained hardly its independence in 1992 and has become a quite motley state, recognizing three constituent nationalities, one language with three names and two autonomous regions. | |||
*The citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina are officially called “Bosnians” | *The citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina are officially called “Bosnians”. They comprise three, main “constituent nationalities”: | ||
**[[Bosniaks]] (or, unofficially, “Muslims”, | **[[Bosniaks]] (or, unofficially, “Muslims”, 48%), whose main religious culture is [[Islam]] (the terms “Bosnians”, for the citizens of the whole state, and “Bosniaks”, for the ethnic group, are often confused). | ||
**[[Croats]] (14,3%), whose main religious culture is [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]]. | **[[Croats]] (14,3%), whose main religious culture is [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]]. | ||
**[[Serbs]] (37,1%), whose main religious culture is [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]]. | **[[Serbs]] (37,1%), whose main religious culture is [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]]. | ||
*The official language of the state is [[Serbo-Croatian]], officially “designated by one of the three terms: [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]]” (according to the 1993 language law). “Both alphabets, [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] and [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]], are equal” (according to the same law). | *The official language of the state is [[Serbo-Croatian]], officially “designated by one of the three terms: [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]]” (according to the 1993 language law). “Both alphabets, [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] and [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]], are equal” (according to the same law). | ||
*The state of ''Bosnia and Herzegovina'' (as it is officially named) comprises the two following autonomous regions, called “entities”: | *The state of ''Bosnia and Herzegovina'' (as it is officially named) comprises the two following autonomous regions, called “entities”: | ||
**The | **The [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], which is also called, in order to avoid confusion with the whole state, ''Muslim-Croat Federation'' or ''Bosniak-Croat Federation''. It lies in the center and the west. It is mainly inhabited by Bosniaks (Muslims) and Croats. | ||
**The [[Republika Srpska]], in the east and the north. It is mainly inhabited by Serbs. | **The [[Republika Srpska]], in the east and the north. It is mainly inhabited by Serbs. | ||
**It has to be noted that the little [[Brčko District]] is shared by both entities. | **It has to be noted that the little [[Brčko District]] is shared by both entities. | ||
Revision as of 16:45, 15 July 2010
Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина) is a country on the Balkan peninsula. It borders Croatia to the north and to the west, Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the south and has a narrow access to the Adriatic Sea. The capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Sarajevo. The country has 51 187 km² and 4 621 598 inhabitants (July 2010 est.).[1]
Due to its complex inheritance from former Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina obtained hardly its independence in 1992 and has become a quite motley state, recognizing three constituent nationalities, one language with three names and two autonomous regions.
- The citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina are officially called “Bosnians”. They comprise three, main “constituent nationalities”:
- Bosniaks (or, unofficially, “Muslims”, 48%), whose main religious culture is Islam (the terms “Bosnians”, for the citizens of the whole state, and “Bosniaks”, for the ethnic group, are often confused).
- Croats (14,3%), whose main religious culture is Catholicism.
- Serbs (37,1%), whose main religious culture is Orthodoxy.
- The official language of the state is Serbo-Croatian, officially “designated by one of the three terms: Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian” (according to the 1993 language law). “Both alphabets, Latin and Cyrillic, are equal” (according to the same law).
- The state of Bosnia and Herzegovina (as it is officially named) comprises the two following autonomous regions, called “entities”:
- The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is also called, in order to avoid confusion with the whole state, Muslim-Croat Federation or Bosniak-Croat Federation. It lies in the center and the west. It is mainly inhabited by Bosniaks (Muslims) and Croats.
- The Republika Srpska, in the east and the north. It is mainly inhabited by Serbs.
- It has to be noted that the little Brčko District is shared by both entities.