User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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'''Process Safety Management''' is a regulation | '''Process Safety Management''' (PSM) is a regulation promulgated by the [[U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA) in 1992. | ||
Process Safety Management is an analytical tool focused on preventing releases of any substance defined as a "Highly Hazardous Chemicals" by the EPA | Process Safety Management is an analytical tool focused on preventing releases of any substance defined as a "Highly Hazardous Chemicals" by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration or by the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA). | ||
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
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A process is any activity or combination of activities including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling or the on-site movement of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHCs) as defined by OSHA and the [[Environmental Protection Agency]]. A process includes any group of vessels which are interconnected or separate and contain HHC's which could be involved in a potential release. | A process is any activity or combination of activities including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling or the on-site movement of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHCs) as defined by OSHA and the [[Environmental Protection Agency]]. A process includes any group of vessels which are interconnected or separate and contain HHC's which could be involved in a potential release. | ||
A Highly Hazardous Chemical is | A Highly Hazardous Chemical is any chemical listed in Appendix B of the 1992 PSM regulation. | ||
A process safety incident is the "Unexpected release of [[Toxicity|toxic]], [[Reactivity|reactive]], or [[flammability|flammable]] liquids and gases in processes involving highly [[hazardous material|hazardous chemicals]]. | A process safety incident is the "Unexpected release of [[Toxicity|toxic]], [[Reactivity|reactive]], or [[flammability|flammable]] liquids and gases in processes involving highly [[hazardous material|hazardous chemicals]]. | ||
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==Rationale for the regulation== | ==Rationale for the regulation== | ||
Incidents continue to occur in various industries that use highly hazardous chemicals which exhibit toxic, reactive, flammable, or even [[explosive]] properties, or may exhibit a combination of these properties. Regardless of the industry that uses these highly hazardous chemicals, there is a potential for an [[Accidental release source terms|accidental release]] any time they are not properly controlled. This, in turn, creates the possibility of disaster. To help assure safe and healthy workplaces, OSHA has issued the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals regulation (Title 29 of [[Code of Federal Regulations | Incidents continue to occur in various industries that use highly hazardous chemicals which exhibit toxic, reactive, flammable, or even [[explosive]] properties, or may exhibit a combination of these properties. Regardless of the industry that uses these highly hazardous chemicals, there is a potential for an [[Accidental release source terms|accidental release]] any time they are not properly controlled. This, in turn, creates the possibility of disaster. To help assure safe and healthy workplaces, OSHA has issued the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals regulation (Title 29 of [[Code of Federal Regulations]] (CFR) Section 1910.119)<ref name=OSHAPSM>[http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9760 OSHA's PSM regulations at 29CFR1910.119]</ref> which contains requirements for the management of hazards associated with processes using highly hazardous chemicals.<ref name=BriefPSM>[http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/processsafetymanagement/ OSHA's brief discussion of PSM]</ref> | ||
==Compliance== | ==Compliance== | ||
Any facility that stores or uses a defined "highly hazardous chemical" must comply with OSHA's Process Safety Management (PSM) regulations as well as the quite similar [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) Risk Management Program (RMP) regulations (Title 40 CFR Part 68). The EPA has published a model RMP plan for an ammonia refrigeration facility | Any facility that stores or uses a defined "highly hazardous chemical" must comply with OSHA's Process Safety Management (PSM) regulations as well as the quite similar [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) Risk Management Program (RMP) regulations (Title 40 CFR Part 68). The EPA has published a model RMP plan for an ammonia refrigeration facility<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/ttncaaa1/t3/memoranda/ammon.pdf Model Risk Management Program and Plan for Ammonia Refrigeration]</ref> which provides excellent guidance on how to comply with either OSHA's PSM regulations or the EPA's RMP regulations. | ||
The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers ([[AIChE]]) has published a widely used book that explains various methods for identifying hazards in industrial facilities and quantifying their potential severity.{{ | The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers ([[AIChE]]) has published a widely used book that explains various methods for identifying hazards in industrial facilities and quantifying their potential severity.<ref name=CCPS>{{cite book|author=Center for Chemical Process Safety|title= Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, with Worked Examples|edition=2nd Edition |publisher=Wiley-AIChE| year=1992|id=ISBN0-8169-0491-X}}</ref> Appendix D of the OSHA's PSM regulations endorses the use of the methods provided in that book. | ||
== | ==Guidance== | ||
In 1994, OSHA Directive CPL 02-02-045 provided compliance guidelines and enforcement procedures to supplement the 1992 PSM regulation.<ref name=OSHA-Directive>[http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=1558&p_table=directives Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals -- Compliance Guidelines and Enforcement Procedures]</ref> | |||
In particular, Appendix B of Directive CPL-02-02 provides clarifications and interpretations of the PSM regulation. This appendix contains clarifications agreed to in a settlement agreement dated April 5, 1993, between OSHA, the United Steelworkers of America, the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union, and the Building and Construction Trades Department of the AFL-CIO. The settlement agreement clarifications reflect modifications jointly and cooperatively agreed to by the above parties and by the Chemical Manufacturers Association, the American Petroleum Institute, the Dow Chemical Company, and the National Petroleum Refiners Association. | |||
Any additional or revised clarifications and interpretations made to Directive CPL-02-02 after 1994 are to included in Appendix B of the Directive CPL-02-02, | |||
==Further reading== | |||
*{{cite book|author=[[Kletz, Trevor]]|title=Hazop and Hazan|edition=4th Edition|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1999|isbn=0-85295-421-2}} | |||
* {{cite book|author=[[Frank Lees]]|title=Loss Prevention in the Process Industries|edition=3rdEdition|publisher=Elsevier|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7506-7555-0}} | |||
* {{cite book|author=[[Trevor Kletz]]|title=Cheaper, safer plants, or wealth and safety at work: notes on inherently safer and simpler plants|publisher=I.Chem.E.|year=1984|isbn=0852951671}} | |||
* {{cite book|author=[[Trevor Kletz]]|edition=3rdEdition|title=An Engineer’s View of Human Error |publisher=I.Chem.E.|year=2001|isbn=0-85295-430-1}} | |||
== References == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
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'''''Related Articles''''' | |||
*[[Accidental release source terms]] | *[[Accidental release source terms]] | ||
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*[[Hazardous chemicals]] | *[[Hazardous chemicals]] | ||
*[[Process safety]] | *[[Process safety]] | ||
Revision as of 21:56, 30 May 2010
Process Safety Management (PSM) is a regulation promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1992.
Process Safety Management is an analytical tool focused on preventing releases of any substance defined as a "Highly Hazardous Chemicals" by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration or by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Definitions
A process is any activity or combination of activities including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling or the on-site movement of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHCs) as defined by OSHA and the Environmental Protection Agency. A process includes any group of vessels which are interconnected or separate and contain HHC's which could be involved in a potential release.
A Highly Hazardous Chemical is any chemical listed in Appendix B of the 1992 PSM regulation.
A process safety incident is the "Unexpected release of toxic, reactive, or flammable liquids and gases in processes involving highly hazardous chemicals.
Rationale for the regulation
Incidents continue to occur in various industries that use highly hazardous chemicals which exhibit toxic, reactive, flammable, or even explosive properties, or may exhibit a combination of these properties. Regardless of the industry that uses these highly hazardous chemicals, there is a potential for an accidental release any time they are not properly controlled. This, in turn, creates the possibility of disaster. To help assure safe and healthy workplaces, OSHA has issued the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals regulation (Title 29 of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 1910.119)[1] which contains requirements for the management of hazards associated with processes using highly hazardous chemicals.[2]
Compliance
Any facility that stores or uses a defined "highly hazardous chemical" must comply with OSHA's Process Safety Management (PSM) regulations as well as the quite similar United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Risk Management Program (RMP) regulations (Title 40 CFR Part 68). The EPA has published a model RMP plan for an ammonia refrigeration facility[3] which provides excellent guidance on how to comply with either OSHA's PSM regulations or the EPA's RMP regulations.
The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has published a widely used book that explains various methods for identifying hazards in industrial facilities and quantifying their potential severity.[4] Appendix D of the OSHA's PSM regulations endorses the use of the methods provided in that book.
Guidance
In 1994, OSHA Directive CPL 02-02-045 provided compliance guidelines and enforcement procedures to supplement the 1992 PSM regulation.[5]
In particular, Appendix B of Directive CPL-02-02 provides clarifications and interpretations of the PSM regulation. This appendix contains clarifications agreed to in a settlement agreement dated April 5, 1993, between OSHA, the United Steelworkers of America, the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union, and the Building and Construction Trades Department of the AFL-CIO. The settlement agreement clarifications reflect modifications jointly and cooperatively agreed to by the above parties and by the Chemical Manufacturers Association, the American Petroleum Institute, the Dow Chemical Company, and the National Petroleum Refiners Association.
Any additional or revised clarifications and interpretations made to Directive CPL-02-02 after 1994 are to included in Appendix B of the Directive CPL-02-02,
Further reading
- Kletz, Trevor (1999). Hazop and Hazan, 4th Edition. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-85295-421-2.
- Frank Lees (2005). Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 3rdEdition. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7506-7555-0.
- Trevor Kletz (1984). Cheaper, safer plants, or wealth and safety at work: notes on inherently safer and simpler plants. I.Chem.E.. ISBN 0852951671.
- Trevor Kletz (2001). An Engineer’s View of Human Error, 3rdEdition. I.Chem.E.. ISBN 0-85295-430-1.
References
- ↑ OSHA's PSM regulations at 29CFR1910.119
- ↑ OSHA's brief discussion of PSM
- ↑ Model Risk Management Program and Plan for Ammonia Refrigeration
- ↑ Center for Chemical Process Safety (1992). Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, with Worked Examples, 2nd Edition. Wiley-AIChE. ISBN0-8169-0491-X.
- ↑ Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals -- Compliance Guidelines and Enforcement Procedures
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