Obstructive lung disease: Difference between revisions

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imported>Robert Badgett
imported>Robert Badgett
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! heading !! Asthma!! COPD
! heading !! Asthma!! COPD
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| Long acting [[adrenergic beta-agonist]]s ||style="background:red"|may increase cardiovascular adverse effects, although this mainly be when used as monotherapy<ref name="pmid18646149">{{cite journal |author=Cates CJ, Cates MJ |title=Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=3 |pages=CD006363 |year=2008 |pmid=18646149 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006363.pub2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006363.pub2 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16424409">{{cite journal |author=Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, Yancey SW, Dorinsky PM |title=The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol |journal=Chest |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=15–26 |year=2006 |month=January |pmid=16424409 |doi=10.1378/chest.129.1.15 |url=http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16424409 |issn=}}</ref> || style="background:lightgreen"|may reduce death<ref name="pmid17314337">{{cite journal |author=Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, ''et al'' |title=Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=356 |issue=8 |pages=775–89 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17314337 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa063070 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=17314337&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref> and slow progression of airway obstruction, especially when combined with inhaled [[glucocorticoid]]<ref name="pmid18511702">{{cite journal |author=Celli BR, Thomas NE, Anderson JA, ''et al'' |title=Effect of pharmacotherapy on rate of decline of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the TORCH study |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=178 |issue=4 |pages=332–8 |year=2008 |month=August |pmid=18511702 |doi=10.1164/rccm.200712-1869OC |url=http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18511702 |issn=}}</ref>.
| Long acting [[adrenergic beta-agonist]]s ||style="background:red"|may increase cardiovascular adverse effects, although this mainly be when used as ''monotherapy''<ref name="pmid18646149">{{cite journal |author=Cates CJ, Cates MJ |title=Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=3 |pages=CD006363 |year=2008 |pmid=18646149 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006363.pub2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006363.pub2 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16424409">{{cite journal |author=Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, Yancey SW, Dorinsky PM |title=The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol |journal=Chest |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=15–26 |year=2006 |month=January |pmid=16424409 |doi=10.1378/chest.129.1.15 |url=http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16424409 |issn=}}</ref> || style="background:lightgreen"|may reduce death<ref name="pmid17314337">{{cite journal |author=Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, ''et al'' |title=Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=356 |issue=8 |pages=775–89 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17314337 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa063070 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=17314337&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref> and slow progression of airway obstruction, especially when combined with inhaled [[glucocorticoid]]<ref name="pmid18511702">{{cite journal |author=Celli BR, Thomas NE, Anderson JA, ''et al'' |title=Effect of pharmacotherapy on rate of decline of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the TORCH study |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=178 |issue=4 |pages=332–8 |year=2008 |month=August |pmid=18511702 |doi=10.1164/rccm.200712-1869OC |url=http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18511702 |issn=}}</ref>.
|-
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| [[Cholinergic antagonist]]s ||Possibly beneficial<ref name="pmid15266477">{{cite journal |author=Westby M, Benson M, Gibson P |title=Anticholinergic agents for chronic asthma in adults |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=3 |pages=CD003269 |year=2004 |pmid=15266477 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003269.pub2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003269.pub2 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10381989">{{cite journal |author=Stoodley RG, Aaron SD, Dales RE |title=The role of ipratropium bromide in the emergency management of acute asthma exacerbation: a metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials |journal=Ann Emerg Med |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=8–18 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10381989 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref>  || style="background:red"|may increase cardiovascular adverse effects<ref name="pmid18794557">{{cite journal |author=Lee TA, Pickard AS, Au DH, Bartle B, Weiss KB |title=Risk for death associated with medications for recently diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=149 |issue=6 |pages=380–90 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18794557 |doi= |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/149/6/380 |issn=}}</ref><ref>Sonal Singh, Yoon K. Loke, and Curt D. Furberg (2008). [http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/300/12/1439 Inhaled Anticholinergics and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis]. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 300 (12), 1439-50 (24 Sep 2008) {{doi|10.1001/jama.300.12.1439}}</ref>
| [[Cholinergic antagonist]]s ||Possibly beneficial<ref name="pmid15266477">{{cite journal |author=Westby M, Benson M, Gibson P |title=Anticholinergic agents for chronic asthma in adults |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=3 |pages=CD003269 |year=2004 |pmid=15266477 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003269.pub2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003269.pub2 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10381989">{{cite journal |author=Stoodley RG, Aaron SD, Dales RE |title=The role of ipratropium bromide in the emergency management of acute asthma exacerbation: a metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials |journal=Ann Emerg Med |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=8–18 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10381989 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref>  || style="background:red"|may increase cardiovascular adverse effects<ref name="pmid18794557">{{cite journal |author=Lee TA, Pickard AS, Au DH, Bartle B, Weiss KB |title=Risk for death associated with medications for recently diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=149 |issue=6 |pages=380–90 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18794557 |doi= |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/149/6/380 |issn=}}</ref><ref>Sonal Singh, Yoon K. Loke, and Curt D. Furberg (2008). [http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/300/12/1439 Inhaled Anticholinergics and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis]. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 300 (12), 1439-50 (24 Sep 2008) {{doi|10.1001/jama.300.12.1439}}</ref>

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In medicine, obstructive lung disease is "any disorder marked by persistent obstruction of bronchial air flow."[1]

Classification

  • Asthma
  • Bronchitis
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • Chronic bronchitis is a "subcategory of [[chronic obstructive pulmonary] disease]]. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis."[2]
    • Emphysema is a "subcategory of [[chronic obstructive pulmonary] disease]]. The disease is characterized by anatomic alterations of the lungs, such as the enlargement of airspaces and destruction of alveolar walls."[3]

Treatment

Among the chronic varieties of obstructive lung disease, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is very important for determining treatment.

Drugs that affect asthma and COPD differently
heading Asthma COPD
Long acting adrenergic beta-agonists may increase cardiovascular adverse effects, although this mainly be when used as monotherapy[4][5] may reduce death[6] and slow progression of airway obstruction, especially when combined with inhaled glucocorticoid[7].
Cholinergic antagonists Possibly beneficial[8][9] may increase cardiovascular adverse effects[10][11]
Inhaled glucocorticoids beneficial[12] as a monotherapy, may increase the risk of pneumonia.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Obstructive lung disease (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Chronic bronchitis (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Pulmonary emphysema (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ Cates CJ, Cates MJ (2008). "Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD006363. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006363.pub2. PMID 18646149. Research Blogging.
  5. ↑ Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, Yancey SW, Dorinsky PM (January 2006). "The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol". Chest 129 (1): 15–26. DOI:10.1378/chest.129.1.15. PMID 16424409. Research Blogging.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, et al (February 2007). "Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (8): 775–89. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa063070. PMID 17314337. Research Blogging.
  7. ↑ Celli BR, Thomas NE, Anderson JA, et al (August 2008). "Effect of pharmacotherapy on rate of decline of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the TORCH study". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 178 (4): 332–8. DOI:10.1164/rccm.200712-1869OC. PMID 18511702. Research Blogging.
  8. ↑ Westby M, Benson M, Gibson P (2004). "Anticholinergic agents for chronic asthma in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD003269. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003269.pub2. PMID 15266477. Research Blogging.
  9. ↑ Stoodley RG, Aaron SD, Dales RE (July 1999). "The role of ipratropium bromide in the emergency management of acute asthma exacerbation: a metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials". Ann Emerg Med 34 (1): 8–18. PMID 10381989. [e]
  10. ↑ Lee TA, Pickard AS, Au DH, Bartle B, Weiss KB (September 2008). "Risk for death associated with medications for recently diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Ann. Intern. Med. 149 (6): 380–90. PMID 18794557. [e]
  11. ↑ Sonal Singh, Yoon K. Loke, and Curt D. Furberg (2008). Inhaled Anticholinergics and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 300 (12), 1439-50 (24 Sep 2008) DOI:10.1001/jama.300.12.1439
  12. ↑ Adams NP, Bestall JC, Lasserson TJ, Jones PW, Cates C (2005). "Fluticasone versus placebo for chronic asthma in adults and children". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD003135. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003135.pub3. PMID 16235315. Research Blogging.
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