Livonian language

Livonian
Līvõ kēļ [li:və ke:ʎ]
Spoken in	LivoniaLatvia
Total speakers	Less than 50
Language family	Finno-Ugric   Finno-Permic    Finno-Volgaic     Finno-Lappic      Baltic-Finnic
Language codes
ISO 639-1	none
ISO 639-2	fiu (other Finno-Urgic languages)
ISO 639-3	liv
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-​based pronunciation key.

Livonian is a highly-endangered Finno-Urgic Language closely related to Finnish and Estonian, and shares in a high degree of mutual inteligibility between all of these languages. Livonian is spoken in Livonia, which is a territory located within Latvia.

Phonology

Vowels

Livonian has 8 vowels, and differentiates between long and short sounds by marking long vowels with a "¯".

Letter	Phonetic Value	Letter	Phonetic Value
a	[ɑ]	o	[o]
ā	[ɑ:]	ō	[o:]
ä	[æ]	ȯ	[ʊ]
ǟ	[æ:]	ȱ	[ʊ:]
e	[ɛ]	õ	stressed: [ɨ] unstressed: [ə]
ē	[ɛ:]	ȭ	stressed: [ɨ:] unstressed: [ə:]
i	[i]	u	[u]
ī	[i:]	ū	[u:]

Consonants

Livonian has 23 consonants. They are as follows:

Letter	Phonetic Value	Letter	Phonetic Value
b	[b]	ņ	[ɲ]
d	[d̪]	p	[p]
ḑ	[ɟ]	r	[r]
f	[f]	ŗ	[rʲ]
g	[ɡ]	s	[s]
h	[h]	š	[ʃ]
j	[j]	t	[t̪]
k	[k]	ț	[c]
l	[l]	v	[v]
ļ	[ʎ]	z	[z]
m	[m]	ž	[ʒ]
n	[n], but [ŋ] if preceeding [k] or [g].