Livonian language: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 20:43, 16 May 2007
Livonian | |
---|---|
Līvõ kēļ [li:və ke:ʎ] | |
Spoken in | LivoniaLatvia |
Total speakers | Less than 50 |
Language family | Finno-Ugric Finno-Permic Finno-Volgaic Finno-Lappic Baltic-Finnic |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | none |
ISO 639-2 | fiu (other Finno-Urgic languages) |
ISO 639-3 | liv |
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key. |
Livonian is a highly-endangered Finno-Urgic Language closely related to Finnish and Estonian, and shares in a high degree of mutual inteligibility between all of these languages. Livonian is spoken in Livonia, which is a territory located within Latvia.
Phonology
Vowels
Livonian has 8 vowels, and differentiates between long and short sounds by marking long vowels with a "¯".
Letter | Phonetic Value | Letter | Phonetic Value |
---|---|---|---|
a | [ɑ] | o | [o] |
ā | [ɑ:] | ō | [o:] |
ä | [æ] | ȯ | [ʊ] |
ǟ | [æ:] | ȱ | [ʊ:] |
e | [ɛ] | õ | stressed: [ɨ] unstressed: [ə] |
ē | [ɛ:] | ȭ | stressed: [ɨ:] unstressed: [ə:] |
i | [i] | u | [u] |
ī | [i:] | ū | [u:] |
Consonants
Livonian has 23 consonants. They are as follows:
Letter | Phonetic Value | Letter | Phonetic Value |
---|---|---|---|
b | [b] | ņ | [ɲ] |
d | [d̪] | p | [p] |
ḑ | [ɟ] | r | [r] |
f | [f] | ŗ | [rʲ] |
g | [ɡ] | s | [s] |
h | [h] | š | [ʃ] |
j | [j] | t | [t̪] |
k | [k] | ț | [c] |
l | [l] | v | [v] |
ļ | [ʎ] | z | [z] |
m | [m] | ž | [ʒ] |
n | [n], but [ŋ] if preceeding [k] or [g]. |