User:Nick Gardner

Biography:

Nick Gardner is retired after successive careers as a flight test observer, as a professional engineer, and as an economist. He has worked in two industrial companies, a research establishment and four government departments; and served as economic adviser to four cabinet ministers. As an engineer he was engaged in aeronautical research and development including the development of new manufacturing processes, he took part in the Concorde project and he visited the Apollo project. As an economist he evaluated numerous aerospace projects, he played a part in the development of UK competition policy and he managed a major statistical series. During his working life he contributed to several professional journals and symposiums on subjects including spotwelding, launching aid and project management, and since retirement he has written a book on contemporary economic history and another on competition policy that was published in three editions. His latest book is Mistakes – how they have happened and how some might be avoided, an interactive summary of which is available online at http://www.tinyurl.com/3b227b.

Nick is mainly interested in what people believe and how they make decisions. Pursuit of that interest has led him to explore published work in the fields of philosophy, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, genetics, economics, politics, media studies and decision theory. Some notes on what he has learned appear in his blog at http://rendrag.blogspot.com, which he hopes to expand shortly.

Contributions

CZ articles on:-

•  Antitrust: a policy to limit or prevent the creation of monopoly power and to preserve competition by regulating business conduct. ^[e]
•  Balance of payments: an accounting statement for the transactions of a country with the rest of the world. ^[e]
•  Bank for International Settlements: A forum of central bank governors and senior executives for the discussion and policy analysis whose standing committees include the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. ^[e]
•  Gross domestic product: The total of the outputs recorded in a country’s national income accounts. ^[e]
•  Comparative advantage: The motive for trade that arises from the fact that for each trader there are things that he does best, and things that he can better obtain by trading. ^[e]
•  Competition: The activity or condition of competing against others. Ecologically, the interaction between species or organisms which share a limited environmental resource. ^[e]
•  Competition policy: Legislation which regulates business practices that restrict competition, and limits the ability of firms to combine in such a way as to enable them to restrict competition. ^[e]
•  Economics: The analysis of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. ^[e]
•  Economic efficiency: Ratio of the quantity of some measure of output to the quantity of input required to bring it about. ^[e]
• Elasticity: Please do not use this term in your topic list, because there is no single article for it. Please substitute a more precise term. See Elasticity (disambiguation) for a list of available, more precise, topics. Please add a new usage if needed.
•  EU competition policy: A policy intended to ensure undistorted competition within the EU market, by increasing economic efficiency in member states and to remove barriers to trade between member states. ^[e]
•  Financial economics: the economics of investment choices made by individuals and corporations, and their consequences for the economy, . ^[e]
•  Financial Stability Forum: An international economic group consisting of representatives of national financial authorities including finance ministers, central bankers, and senior members of other financial organisations. ^[e]
•  History of economic thought: the historical development of economic thinking. ^[e]
•  International economics: The study of the patterns and consequences of transactions and interactions between the inhabitants of different countries, including trade, investment and migration. ^[e]
•  International Monetary Fund: International organization that oversees the global financial system by stabilizing international exchange rates and facilitating development, and offering highly leveraged loans mainly to poorer countries. ^[e]
•  Macroeconomics: The study of the behaviour of the principal economic aggregates, treating the national economy as an open system. ^[e]
•  Microeconomics: A branch of economics that deals with transactions between suppliers and consumers, acting individually or in groups. ^[e]
•  Politics: The process by which human beings living in communities make decisions and establish obligatory values for their members. ^[e] (incomplete)
•  Political party: An organization that seeks to advance the interests of its members by obtaining political power ^[e] (incomplete - abandoned)
•  Price index: Normalised average (typically a weighted average) of prices for a given class of goods or services in a given region, during a given interval of time. ^[e]
•  Supply and demand: The explanation in economic theory of the factors that influence the supply of, and the demand for, goods and services; and of the market mechanisms by which they are reconciled. ^[e]
•  Terms of trade: The ratio of the index of a country's export prices to the index of its import prices. ^[e]
•  Washington Consensus: An interpretation of the conditions required by the International Monetary Fund for financial assistance to developing countries. ^[e]
•  Welfare economics: The study of the social desireability of alternative arrangements of economic activity and alternative allocations of resources. ^[e]
•  World Bank: Collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and its affiliates: the International Finance Corporation, organized in 1950 to provide long-term project financing to developing countries; and the International Development Association, formed in 1960 to make long-term loans at low interest rates. ^[e]

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