User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Industrial piping.jpg|right|thumb|300px|{{#ifexist:Template:Industrial piping.jpg/credit|{{Industrial piping.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Large-scale industrial piping.]]


'''Piping''' is a system of [[pipe (material)|pipe]]s (hollow, cylindrical tubes) used to convey [[liquid]]s, [[gas]]es and sometimes other materials from one location to another within industrial facilities such as [[Petroleum refining processes|petroleum refineries]], [[chemical]] and [[petrochemical]] manufacturing, [[natural gas processing]], electricity-generating [[power plant]]s and many others. The adjacent photo depicts a complex piping system in an industrial plant.
Industrial plant piping and the accompanying in-line components can be manufactured from various [[steel]] alloys, [[titanium]], [[aluminum]], [[copper]], [[glass]] or various [[plastic]]s. The in-line components are known as [[Piping and plumbing fittings|fittings]] and [[valves]].
[[Process control]] systems use in-line sensors and [[control valves]] installed in the piping to monitor and regulate the desired [[temperature]]s, [[pressure]]s, [[flow rate]]s and process vessel liquid levels of the fluids being transported and processed. Piping  and control systems are documented in drawings referred to as [[Piping and Instrumentation Diagram]]s.
==Piping design==
The routing and layout of the pipes fittings in a complex piping system is typically done by experienced piping draftsmen known as ''piping designers''. The discipline of [[piping design]] does not require a university degree but it does requires a good many technical skills such as:
<ref>{{cite book|author= R.H. Perry, R.H. and D.W. Green (Editors), |title=[[Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook]]|edition=8th  Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company|year=2007|id=ISBN 0-07-142294-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=John J. McKetta (Editor)|title=Piping Design Handbook|edition=|publisher=Marcel Dekker, Inc.|year=1992|id=ISBN 0-8247-8570-3}}</ref>
* The principles and practice of drafting in general and of creating isometric drawings.
* Familiarity and experience with computerized drafting programs.
* The ability to visualize and develop an industrial facility plot plan.
* A basic understanding of fluid flow, piping materials and piping specifications.
* An extensive knowledge of piping standards and codes as well as process safety codes and practices.
* A knowledge of the various types of pipe connections such as threaded, welded and flanged connections as well as a knowledge of the various types of valves and why and where they are used.
* A good understanding of [[pipe stress analysis]]
Piping designers and pipe stress engineers are responsible for the proper placement of pipe hangers and pipe supports. They are also responsible for making sure that that the [[thermal expansion]] and contraction of the piping is compensated for and that the allowable pipe stresses are not exceeded under the appropriate design codes and standards.<ref>[http://catalog.asme.org/books/PrintBook/Process_Piping_Complete_Guide.cfm Process Piping: ASME B31.3] (published by the [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]])</ref><ref>[http://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B311_2004_Power_Piping.cfm Power Piping: ASME B31.1] (published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers)</ref> The checking of pipe stresses is usually done with the assistance of a computerized ([[Finite element analysis|finite element]]) pipe stress analysis program such as [[Caesar II]], [[ROHR2]], [[CAEPIPE]] and [[AUTOPIPE]].
==Plumbing==
{{main|Plumbing}}
[[Plumbing]] is a smaller-scale piping system that most people are familiar with because it is used to provide potable [[water]] and [[natural gas]] (or [[fuel oil]]) to their homes and businesses. 
Plumbing systems in residential and commercial buildings also provide water to [[fire sprinkler]] systems, distribute hot water, route the [[refrigeration]] fluids used in [[air conditioning]] and remove [[sewage]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
*[http://engstandards.lanl.gov/engrman/6mech/pdfs/D20-AppA-ASME_B31.3-r1a.pdf ASME B31.3 Process Piping Guide, Revision 1] from [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] Engineering Standards Manual OST220-03-01-ESM
*[http://www.americanlifelinesalliance.org/pdf/Seismic_Design_and_Retrofit_of_Piping_Systems.pdf Seismic Design and Retrofit of Piping Systems, July 2002] from American Lifelines Alliance website
*[http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-4008/entire.pdf Engineering and Design, Liquid Process Piping] [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]], EM 1110-l-4008, May 1999

Revision as of 23:32, 26 August 2008

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