User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:AirPollutionSource.jpg|right|thumb|155px|{{#ifexist:Template:AirPollutionSource.jpg/credit|{{AirPollutionSource.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}An air pollution source.]] | [[Image:AirPollutionSource.jpg|right|thumb|155px|{{#ifexist:Template:AirPollutionSource.jpg/credit|{{AirPollutionSource.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}An air pollution source.]] | ||
The '''AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors''', was first published by the U.S. Public Health Service in 1968. In 1972, it was revised and issued as the second edition by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1985, the subsequent fourth edition was split into two volumes. Volume I includes stationary [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|point and area source]] [[emission factor]]s, and Volume II includes [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|mobile source]] emission factors. Volume I is currently in its fifth edition and is available on the Internet.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html AP 42, Volume I] | The '''AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors''', was first published by the U.S. Public Health Service in 1968. In 1972, it was revised and issued as the second edition by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1985, the subsequent fourth edition was split into two volumes. Volume I includes stationary [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|point and area source]] [[emission factor]]s, and Volume II includes [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|mobile source]] emission factors. Volume I is currently in its fifth edition and is available on the Internet.<ref name=AP42>[http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html AP 42, Volume I] | ||
</ref> Volume II is no longer maintained as such, but [[roadway air dispersion model]]s for estimating emissions from onroad vehicles and from non-road vehicles and mobile equipment are also available on the Internet.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models.htm Mobile source emission models]</ref> | </ref> Volume II is no longer maintained as such, but [[roadway air dispersion model]]s for estimating emissions from onroad vehicles and from non-road vehicles and mobile equipment are also available on the Internet.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models.htm Mobile source emission models]</ref> | ||
In routine common usage, Volume I of the emission factor compilation is very often referred to as simply AP 42. | In routine common usage, Volume I of the emission factor compilation is very often referred to as simply AP 42. Print copies of AP 42 are no longer available. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Air [[pollutant]] emission factors are representative values that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the ambient air with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. These factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by a unit weight, volume, distance, or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant (e.g., kilograms of particulate emitted per megagram of coal burned). Such factors facilitate estimation of emissions from various sources of [[air pollution]]. In most cases, these factors are simply averages of all available data of acceptable quality, and are generally assumed to be representative of long-term averages. | Air [[pollutant]] emission factors are representative values that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the ambient air with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. These factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by a unit weight, volume, distance, or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant (e.g., kilograms of particulate emitted per megagram of coal burned). Such factors facilitate estimation of emissions from various sources of [[air pollution]]. In most cases, these factors are simply averages of all available data of acceptable quality, and are generally assumed to be representative of long-term averages.<ref name=AP42/> | ||
The equation for the estimation of emissions before [[Air pollution#Control Devices|emission reduction controls]] are applied is: | The equation for the estimation of emissions before [[Air pollution#Control Devices|emission reduction controls]] are applied is: | ||
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:'''E = A × EF''' | :'''E = A × EF''' | ||
and for emissions after reduction controls are applied: | and for emissions after reduction controls are applied:<ref name=AP42> | ||
:'''E = A × EF × (1-ER/100)''' | :'''E = A × EF × (1-ER/100)''' | ||
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==Other sources of emission factors== | ==Other sources of emission factors== | ||
===General emission factors=== | |||
*[http://www.naei.org.uk/emissions/index.php United Kingdom's emission factor database]. | *[http://www.naei.org.uk/emissions/index.php United Kingdom's emission factor database]. | ||
*[http://reports.eea.eu.int/EMEPCORINAIR4/en European Environment Agency's 2005 Emission Inventory Guidebook]. | *[http://reports.eea.eu.int/EMEPCORINAIR4/en European Environment Agency's 2005 Emission Inventory Guidebook]. | ||
*[http://www.npi.gov.au/handbooks/approved_handbooks/sector-manuals.html Australian National Pollutant Inventory Emissions Estimation Technique Manuals]. | |||
*[http://files.harc.edu/Projects/AirQuality/Projects/H005.2002/H5FinalReport.pdf Fugitive emissions leaks from ethylene and other chemical plants]. | |||
===Greenhouse gas emission factors=== | |||
*[http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.htm Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (reference manual)]. | *[http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.htm Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (reference manual)]. | ||
*[http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/ghg/guidance/calcu_pro_e.cfm Canadian GHG Inventory Methodologies]. | *[http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/ghg/guidance/calcu_pro_e.cfm Canadian GHG Inventory Methodologies]. | ||
*[http://ghg.api.org Sangea - American Petroleum Institute Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Methodologies]. | *[http://ghg.api.org Sangea - American Petroleum Institute Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Methodologies]. | ||
Revision as of 16:07, 18 April 2008
The AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, was first published by the U.S. Public Health Service in 1968. In 1972, it was revised and issued as the second edition by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1985, the subsequent fourth edition was split into two volumes. Volume I includes stationary point and area source emission factors, and Volume II includes mobile source emission factors. Volume I is currently in its fifth edition and is available on the Internet.[1] Volume II is no longer maintained as such, but roadway air dispersion models for estimating emissions from onroad vehicles and from non-road vehicles and mobile equipment are also available on the Internet.[2]
In routine common usage, Volume I of the emission factor compilation is very often referred to as simply AP 42. Print copies of AP 42 are no longer available.
Introduction
Air pollutant emission factors are representative values that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the ambient air with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. These factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by a unit weight, volume, distance, or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant (e.g., kilograms of particulate emitted per megagram of coal burned). Such factors facilitate estimation of emissions from various sources of air pollution. In most cases, these factors are simply averages of all available data of acceptable quality, and are generally assumed to be representative of long-term averages.[1]
The equation for the estimation of emissions before emission reduction controls are applied is:
- E = A × EF
and for emissions after reduction controls are applied:Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
Chapters 5 and 7 discussed above are illustrative of the type of information contained in the other chapters of AP 42. It should also be noted that many of the fugitive emission factors in Chapter 5 and the emissions calculation methodology in Chapter 7 and the TANKS program also apply to many other industrial categories besides the petroleum industry.
Other sources of emission factors
General emission factors
- United Kingdom's emission factor database.
- European Environment Agency's 2005 Emission Inventory Guidebook.
- Australian National Pollutant Inventory Emissions Estimation Technique Manuals.
- Fugitive emissions leaks from ethylene and other chemical plants.
Greenhouse gas emission factors
- Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (reference manual).
- Canadian GHG Inventory Methodologies.
- Sangea - American Petroleum Institute Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Methodologies.
- Mining Association Of Canada Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Methodologies.