User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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'''Process Safety Management''' (PSM) is a regulation promulgated by the [[U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA) in 1992.<ref name=OSHA-PSM>Title 29 [[Code of Federal Regulations]] (CFR) Section 1910.119 [http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9760 OSHA's PSM regulations at 29CFR1910.119]</ref> It is intended to prevent or minimize the consequences of catastrophic releases of [[Toxicity (chemistry)|toxic]], [[Reactive (chemistry)|reactive]], [[Flammability|flammable]], or [[explosive]] "Highly Hazardous Chemicals" (HHCs) from | '''Process Safety Management''' (PSM) is a regulation promulgated by the [[U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA) in 1992.<ref name=OSHA-PSM>Title 29 [[Code of Federal Regulations]] (CFR) Section 1910.119 [http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9760 OSHA's PSM regulations at 29CFR1910.119]</ref> It is intended to prevent or minimize the consequences of catastrophic releases of [[Toxicity (chemistry)|toxic]], [[Reactive (chemistry)|reactive]], [[Flammability|flammable]], or [[explosive]] "Highly Hazardous Chemicals" (HHCs) from processes.<ref name=EHSO>[http://www.ehso.com/ProcessSafety.htm PSM: OSHA Process Safety Guidance and Information]</ref> | ||
==Rationale== | ==Rationale== | ||
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==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
'''''Process''''' | |||
Any activity or combination of activities including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling or the on-site movement of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHCs). | |||
'''''Highly Hazardous Chemical''''' | |||
A | Any substance having toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties. A list of such substances is included in Appendix B of the 1992 PSM regulation. (Threshold quantities) | ||
A process safety incident is the "Unexpected release of [[Toxicity|toxic]], [[Reactivity|reactive]], or [[flammability|flammable]] liquids and gases in processes involving highly [[hazardous material|hazardous chemicals]]. | A process safety incident is the "Unexpected release of [[Toxicity|toxic]], [[Reactivity|reactive]], or [[flammability|flammable]] liquids and gases in processes involving highly [[hazardous material|hazardous chemicals]]. | ||
Revision as of 02:02, 31 May 2010
Process Safety Management (PSM) is a regulation promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1992.[1] It is intended to prevent or minimize the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive "Highly Hazardous Chemicals" (HHCs) from processes.[2]
Rationale
Incidents continue to occur in various industries that use highly hazardous chemicals which exhibit toxic, reactive, flammable, or even explosive properties, or may exhibit a combination of these properties. Regardless of the industry that uses these highly hazardous chemicals, there is a potential for an accidental release any time they are not properly controlled. This, in turn, creates the possibility of disaster. To help assure safe and healthy workplaces, OSHA has issued the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals regulation which contains requirements for the management of hazards associated with processes using highly hazardous chemicals.[3]
Definitions
Process Any activity or combination of activities including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling or the on-site movement of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHCs).
Highly Hazardous Chemical
Any substance having toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties. A list of such substances is included in Appendix B of the 1992 PSM regulation. (Threshold quantities)
A process safety incident is the "Unexpected release of toxic, reactive, or flammable liquids and gases in processes involving highly hazardous chemicals.
Applicability and compliance
Any facility that stores or uses a defined "highly hazardous chemical" must comply with OSHA's Process Safety Management (PSM) regulations. (Threshold Quantity)
Guidance directive
In 1994, OSHA Directive CPL 02-02-045 provided compliance guidelines and enforcement procedures to supplement the 1992 PSM regulation.[4]
In particular, Appendix B of Directive CPL-02-02 provides clarifications and interpretations of the PSM regulation. This appendix contains clarifications agreed to in a settlement agreement dated April 5, 1993, between OSHA, the United Steelworkers of America, the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union, and the Building and Construction Trades Department of the AFL-CIO. The settlement agreement clarifications reflect modifications jointly and cooperatively agreed to by the above parties and by the Chemical Manufacturers Association, the American Petroleum Institute, the Dow Chemical Company, and the National Petroleum Refiners Association.
Any additional or revised clarifications and interpretations made to Directive CPL-02-02 after 1994 are to included in Appendix B of the Directive CPL-02-02,
Summary of requirements
Similar regulation by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a Risk Management Program (RMP) regulation (Title 40 CFR Part 68) that is fairly similar to the OSHA's PSM regulation. The EPA has published a model RMP plan for an ammonia refrigeration facility[5] which provides excellent guidance on how to comply with either OSHA's PSM regulations or the EPA's RMP regulations.
The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has published a widely used book that explains various methods for identifying hazards in industrial facilities and quantifying their potential severity.[6] Appendix D of the OSHA's PSM regulations endorses the use of the methods provided in that book.
References
- ↑ Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 1910.119 OSHA's PSM regulations at 29CFR1910.119
- ↑ PSM: OSHA Process Safety Guidance and Information
- ↑ OSHA's brief discussion of PSM
- ↑ Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals -- Compliance Guidelines and Enforcement Procedures
- ↑ Model Risk Management Program and Plan for Ammonia Refrigeration
- ↑ Center for Chemical Process Safety (1992). Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, with Worked Examples, 2nd Edition. Wiley-AIChE. ISBN0-8169-0491-X.
Related Articles
- Accidental release source terms
- Atmospheric dispersion modeling
- Hazard analysis
- Hazardous chemicals
- Process safety
Bibliography
- Trevor Kletz (1999). Hazop and Hazan, 4th Edition. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-85295-421-2.
- Frank Lees (2005). Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 3rd Edition. Elsevier. ISBN 0-7506-7555-1.
- Trevor Kletz (1984). Cheaper Safer Plants, or Wealth and Safety at Work, 2nd Edition. I.Chem.E.. ISBN 0-85295-167-1.
- Trevor Kletz (2001). An Engineer’s View of Human Error, 3rd Edition. I.Chem.E.. ISBN 0-85295-430-1.