Financial economics/Related Articles: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 09:50, 20 March 2008
- See also changes related to Financial economics, or pages that link to Financial economics or to this page or whose text contains "Financial economics".
Definitions
- Arbitrage [r]: transactions to take advantage of a price differences of a product in different markets by buying where it is cheap and selling where it is dear. The possibility of arbitrage often prevents the occurrence of price differences. [e]
- Beta [r]: Please do not use this term in your topic list, because there is no single article for it. Please substitute a more precise term. See Beta (disambiguation) for a list of available, more precise, topics. Please add a new usage if needed.
- Central bank [r]: A government agency that is responsible for monetary policy and the support of the banking system (for example the Federal Reserve Board and the Bank of England). Usually responsible for controlling a country's monetary policy and preserving the value of its currency. [e]
- Corporation [r]: Please do not use this term in your topic list, because there is no single article for it. Please substitute a more precise term. See Corporation (disambiguation) for a list of available, more precise, topics. Please add a new usage if needed.
- Cost_of_capital [r]: The weighted average of the rates of return paid by a company on its equity (share issue) and on its debt (bonds and commercial borrowing). [e]
- Covariance [r]: A statistical parameter that indicates whether two random variables show a related linear trend. [e]
- Debt_instrument [r]: A formal obligation assumed by a borrower to replay the lender in accordance with the terms of an agreement, including bonds, debentures, promissory notes, leases and mortgages. [e]
- Derivative [r]: The rate of change of a function with respect to its argument. [e]
- Discount_rate [r]: (i) The percentage by which current value exceeds value in a year's time. (ii) The rate at which banks may borrow at their central bank's discount window. [e]
- Financial_Intermediary [r]: A go-between organisation that obtains finance from investors (or savers) and lends it to corporations (or other borrowers). Financial intermediaries include banks, building societies (or savings and loans associations) , life insurance companies and credit unions. [e]
- Financial_regulator [r]: The United States Securities and Exchange Commission gives as its mission "to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation". Financial regulators in other countries have similar responsibilities. [e]
- Gearing: see Leverage
- Hedging [r]: Protecting against price changes by simultaneously buying(/selling) an asset and making a futures contract to sell(/buy) it. [e]
- Leverage [r]: (i) The use of borrowing to increase the amount of money that is available for investment or consumption. (ii) A proportional measure of indebtedness, such as the ratio of a company's debt to its shareholders' equity (the same as British "gearing"), or the ratio of the indebtedness of a household to the net value of its assets (ie net of its debts). [e]
- Liquidity [r]: (i) The quantity of available assets in its possession that an organisation could rapidly exchange for cash (assets that cannot be exchanged for cash at a particular time are considered to be "illiquid" at that time); (ii) the funding that is unconditionally available to settle claims through monetary authorities (termed "official liquidity"). [e]
- Moral hazard [r]: Motivation to take an otherwise unwarranted risk because the cost of an unfavourable outcome would be borne by someone other than the risk-taker. [e]
- Noise_traders [r]: Traders who buy or sell shares for reasons unconnected with information about the issuing companies or the markets in which they operate. [e]
- Option [r]: A right, but not an obligation, to buy (or to sell) an asset, usually at a stipulated price (termed the "exercise price") and at a stipulated time. An option to buy is called a "call option" and an option to sell is called a "put option". [e]
- Portfolio insurance [r]: A way of protecting a portfolio against market risk by selling short on the share index futures market, or by buying put options on the share index. [e]