Peripheral neuropathy: Difference between revisions
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===Polyneuropathy=== | ===Polyneuropathy=== | ||
[[Polyneuropathy|Polyneuropathies]] are "diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or [[autonomic nervous system|autonomic]]), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., [[demyelinating disease|demyelinating]] vs. [[Wallerian degeneration|axonal]]), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance."<ref>{{MeSH|Polyneuropathies}}</ref> | [[Polyneuropathy|Polyneuropathies]] are "diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or [[autonomic nervous system|autonomic]]), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., [[demyelinating disease|demyelinating]] vs. [[Wallerian degeneration|axonal]]), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance."<ref>{{MeSH|Polyneuropathies}}</ref> | ||
[[Wallerian degeneration|Axonal degeneration]] may be caused by [[diabetes]], [[alcohol]], [[uremia]], or [[porphyria]]. These tend to affect longer axons. These show reduced amplitude on nerve conduction testing. | |||
[[demyelinating disease|Demyelination]] may be caused by autoimmune diseases (such as [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]]) and hereditary neuropathies. These tend to affect motor axons. These show reduced velocity on nerve conduction testing. | |||
Causes include chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy<ref>{{MeSH|Chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy}}</ref><ref name="pmid15800230">{{cite journal |author=Köller H, Kieseier BC, Jander S, Hartung HP |title=Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=352 |issue=13 |pages=1343–56 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15800230 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra041347 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=15800230 |issn=}}</ref> and neurpahty secondary to [[paraproteinemia]]s<ref name="pmid1333569">{{cite journal |author=Miralles GD, O'Fallon JR, Talley NJ |title=Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy. The spectrum of POEMS syndrome |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=327 |issue=27 |pages=1919–23 |year=1992 |month=December |pmid=1333569 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref>. | Causes include chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy<ref>{{MeSH|Chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy}}</ref><ref name="pmid15800230">{{cite journal |author=Köller H, Kieseier BC, Jander S, Hartung HP |title=Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=352 |issue=13 |pages=1343–56 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15800230 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra041347 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=15800230 |issn=}}</ref> and neurpahty secondary to [[paraproteinemia]]s<ref name="pmid1333569">{{cite journal |author=Miralles GD, O'Fallon JR, Talley NJ |title=Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy. The spectrum of POEMS syndrome |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=327 |issue=27 |pages=1919–23 |year=1992 |month=December |pmid=1333569 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref>. | ||
Revision as of 23:02, 12 November 2008
In medicine, neuropathy is abnormal function of one or more nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
Classification
Mononeuropathy
Mononeuropathy is "disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ischemia; traumatic injury; compression; connective tissue diseases; cumulative trauma disorders; and other conditions."[1] Multiple mononeuropathies that occur at the same time are called mononeuropathy multiplex or mononeuritis multiplex.
Polyneuropathy
Polyneuropathies are "diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance."[2]
Axonal degeneration may be caused by diabetes, alcohol, uremia, or porphyria. These tend to affect longer axons. These show reduced amplitude on nerve conduction testing.
Demyelination may be caused by autoimmune diseases (such as Guillain-Barre Syndrome) and hereditary neuropathies. These tend to affect motor axons. These show reduced velocity on nerve conduction testing.
Causes include chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy[3][4] and neurpahty secondary to paraproteinemias[5].
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Mononeuropathies (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Polyneuropathies (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Köller H, Kieseier BC, Jander S, Hartung HP (March 2005). "Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy". N. Engl. J. Med. 352 (13): 1343–56. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra041347. PMID 15800230. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Miralles GD, O'Fallon JR, Talley NJ (December 1992). "Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy. The spectrum of POEMS syndrome". N. Engl. J. Med. 327 (27): 1919–23. PMID 1333569. [e]