Thiazolidinedione: Difference between revisions
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==Adverse effects== | ==Adverse effects== | ||
===Cardiac === | ===Cardiac === | ||
Thiazolidinediones as a class may increase the risk of [[heart failure]] according to a [[meta-analysis]] of 20,191 patients in 7 trials.<ref name="pmid17905165">{{cite journal |author=Lago RM, Singh PP, Nesto RW |title=Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials |journal=Lancet |volume=370 |issue=9593 |pages=1129–36 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17905165 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61514-1 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(07)61514-1 |issn=}}</ref> | |||
In addition, [[rosiglitazone]]<ref name="pmid17517853">{{cite journal| author=Nissen SE, Wolski K| title=Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 356 | issue= 24 | pages= 2457-71 | pmid=17517853 | |||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17517853 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa072761 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17975868 Review in: ACP J Club. 2007 Nov-Dec;147(3):66] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18063729 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2007 Dec;12(6):169-70] <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>, but not [[pioglitazone]]<ref name="pmid17848652">{{cite journal| author=Lincoff AM, Wolski K, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE| title=Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. | journal=JAMA | year= 2007 | volume= 298 | issue= 10 | pages= 1180-8 | pmid=17848652 | |||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17848652 | doi=10.1001/jama.298.10.1180 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>, may increase risk of death from cardiovascular causes according to larger [[meta-analysis|meta-analyses]] that included unpublished trials. | |||
===Fractures=== | ===Fractures=== | ||
Revision as of 21:58, 30 September 2009
In medicine, thiazolidinediones are "thiazoles with two keto oxygens. Members are insulin-sensitizing agents which overcome insulin resistance by activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma)."[1] Thiazolidinediones are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Examples in include rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.
Effectiveness
The initial choice of anti-diabetic drug has been compared in a randomized controlled trial which found "cumulative incidence of monotherapy failure at 5 years of 15% with rosiglitazone, 21% with metformin, and 34% with glyburide."[2]
Pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, may reduce atherosclerosis compared to sulfonylureas which are insulin secretagogues.[3]
Adverse effects
Cardiac
Thiazolidinediones as a class may increase the risk of heart failure according to a meta-analysis of 20,191 patients in 7 trials.[4]
In addition, rosiglitazone[5], but not pioglitazone[6], may increase risk of death from cardiovascular causes according to larger meta-analyses that included unpublished trials.
Fractures
Long term use of thiazolidinediones may double the risk of fractures in women.[7]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Thiazolidinedione (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA, et al (2006). "Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (23): 2427-43. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa066224. PMID 17145742. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Nissen, S. E., Nicholls, S. J., Wolski, K., Nesto, R., Kupfer, S., Perez, A., et al. (2008). Comparison of Pioglitazone vs Glimepiride on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The PERISCOPE Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA, 299(13), 1561-1573. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.13.1561.
- ↑ Lago RM, Singh PP, Nesto RW (September 2007). "Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials". Lancet 370 (9593): 1129–36. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61514-1. PMID 17905165. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Nissen SE, Wolski K (2007). "Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.". N Engl J Med 356 (24): 2457-71. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa072761. PMID 17517853. Research Blogging. Review in: ACP J Club. 2007 Nov-Dec;147(3):66 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2007 Dec;12(6):169-70
- ↑ Lincoff AM, Wolski K, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE (2007). "Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.". JAMA 298 (10): 1180-8. DOI:10.1001/jama.298.10.1180. PMID 17848652. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Loke YK, Singh S, Furberg CD (January 2009). "Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis". CMAJ 180 (1): 32–9. DOI:10.1503/cmaj.080486. PMID 19073651. PMC 2612065. Research Blogging.