Code-switching
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(1)
Otto: I am really very müde (tired). (English-German code-mixing)
(2)
Jeff: Ahmet, Is this your kitap? (English-Turkish code-switching)
Ahmet: Hayır. But that is my defter.
Translation:
Jeff: Ahmet, Is this your book?
Ahmet : No. But that is my notebook.
Considering the sentences given above, example 1 is an instance of code-mixing appearing in the form of intra-sentential switching. When example 2 is concerned, it is obvious that code switching accross sentence boundaries exists; as complete sentences uttered by the interlocutors follow each other including switches between English and Turkish. It is only natural to suppose that in order to perform alternation between languages in speaking or writing, the participants should be competent in the languages being used. Throughout the history of bilingual research, many researchers studied code-switching phenomenon from different perspectives, at different levels, in a great array of domains and settings.
Among these, language production in bilinguals (either early or late), language contact, immigrant groups, minorities, bi/multilingual communities, education and foreign language teaching are the leading initiators, which attracted researchers. It has been the case that psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, neurolinguistic and pedagogy-driven perspectives have handled code-switching phenomenon with a variety of motives and research designs, each of which should be recognized in its own methodological framework.