User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox

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(CC) Photo: Valero Energy Corporation
Fluid Catalytic Cracker (from left to right: Distillation column, Reactor and Regenerator)

The fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) is the most important conversion process unit used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling hydrocarbon fuel oils in petroleum crude oils to more valuable gasoline and other products.[1][2][3] The feedstock to an FCC is usually that portion of the crude oil that has an initial boiling point of 330 °C or higher at atmospheric pressure.

As of 2006, FCC units were in operation at 400 petroleum refineries worldwide and about one-third of the crude oil refined in those refineries is processed in an FCC to produce high-octane gasoline, diesel oil and fuel oil.[2][4]

Flow diagram and process description

(PD) Image: Milton Beychok
A schematic flow diagram of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit as used in petroleum refineries

Chemistry

(PD) Image: Milton Beychok
The chemistry of catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons

Catalysts

History

References

  1. ↑ James H. Gary and Glenn E. Handwerk (2001). Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics, 4th Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8247-0482-7. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 James. G. Speight (2006). The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, 4th Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-9067-2. 
  3. ↑ Reza Sadeghbeigi (2000). Fluid Catalytic Cracking Handbook, 2nd Edition. Gulf Publishing. 0-88415-289-8. 
  4. ↑ David S.J. Jones and Peter P.Pujado (Editors) (2006). Handbook of Petroleum Processing, First Edition. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-2819-9. 
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