Faraday's law (electromagnetism)

In electromagnetism Faraday's law of magnetic induction states that a change in magnetic flux generates an electromotive force.

CC Image
Magnetic flux. The flux through surface S₁ (yellow) is equal to the flux through surface S₂ (gray). Both surfaces have C (red) as boundary.

The magnetic flux Φ through a surface S is defined as the surface integral

$\Phi \equiv \iint _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot d\mathbf {S} ,$

where dS is a vector normal to the infitesimal surface element dS and of length dS. The dot stands for the inner product between the magnetic induction B and dS.

(To be continued)