User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox

Classification of Coals by Rank ^(a)

Class or Rank	Group	Fixed Carbon (b) (wt % dry mmf)		Volatile Matter (b) (wt % dry mmf)		Gross Heating Value (c) (MJ/kg moist mmf)
		Equal or greater than	Less than	Greater than	Equal or less than	Equal or greater than	Less than
Anthracitic	Metaanthracite (d) Anthracite (d) Semianthracite (d)	98 92 86	98 92	2 8	2 8 14
Bituminous	Low-volatile bituminous (d) Medium-volatile bituminous (d) High-volatile A bituminous High-volatile B bituminous High-volatile C bituminous (e) High-volatile C bituminous (f)	78 69	86 78 69	14 22 31	22 31	32.55 30.23 26.74 24.41	32.55 30.23 26.74
Subbituminous	Subbituminous A Subbituminous B Subbituminous C					24.41 22.09 19.30	26.74 24.41 22.09
Lignite	Lignite A Lignite B					14.65	19.30 14.65
(a) This classification does not include a few coals (referred to as unbanded coals) having unusual physical and chemical properties falling within the fixed carbon and heating value ranges of the high-volatile bituminous and subbituminous ranks. (b) Percentage by weight on a dry and mineral matter free basis (mmf). (c) Gross Heating Value on a moist and mineral matter free basis. Moist refers to the natural inherent water contained in a coal but does not include visible water (if any) on the surface of the coal. Multiply MJ/kg by 430.11 to convert to Btu/lb. (d) Coals containing 69 wt % or more fixed carbon on a dry mmf basis are ranked according to their fixed carbon content regardless of their Gross Heating Value. (e) A high-volatile C bituminous coal that may be agglomerating or non-agglomerating. (f) A high-volatile C bituminous coal that is an agglomerating coal, which means that it tends to become sticky and to cake when heated. The agglomerating character of a coal is determined by heating a sample to 950 °C under certain conditions. If the residue is coherent and supports a weight of 500g without pulverizing, the coal is classified as being agglomerating.

Examples of Proximate and Ultimate Analyses

Coal Rank	Proximate Analysis (wt % ar)				Ultimate Analysis (wt % maf)					Net Heating Value (maf) (MJ/kg)
	Fixed carbon	Volatile matter	Moisture	Ash	C	H	O	N	S
Anthracite	81.8	7.7	4.5	6.0	91.8	3.6	2.5	1.4	0.7	36.2
Bituminous	54.9	35.6	5.3	4.2	82.8	5.1	10.1	1.4	0.6	36.1
Subbituminous	43.6	34.7	110.5	11.2	76.4	5.6	14.9	1.7	1.4	31.8
Lignite	27.8	24.9	36.9	10.4	71.0	4.3	23.2	1.1	0.4	26.7
Notes: • wt % = percent by weight     ar = as received     maf = moisture and ash free • C = Carbon     H = Hydrogen     O = Oxygen     N = Nitrogen     S = Sulfur • Multiply Net Heating Values in MJ/kg by 430.11 to convert to Btu/lb.