User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox

History

The industrial revolution began in the early 1800's and gave birth to a number of large-scale chemical plants including the Lead-Chamber method for producing sulfuric acid. The process raw materials include a nitrate which, in the final stage of the process, was lost to the atmosphere as nitric oxide gas and had to be replaced by costly fresh nitrate imported from Chile. In 1827, the French chemist Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac developed a tower that recovered most of the nitrogen oxide gases formed, thereby reducing the consumption of nitrate. The first Gay-Lussac tower was installed at a plant in France in 1837. However, it use was not widespread until a British chemist, John Glover, invented an improved version of the tower, patented in England in 1859. By the 1870s, the Glover–Gay-Lussac system was used throughout Britain and Europe. Because Glover's tower was essentially a mass transfer tower, he is often considered to be the first chemical engineer.<ref>Chemistry Chronicles by David Kiefer<ref>