Staphylococcus epidermidis

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Staphylococcus epidermidis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Staphylococcacea Genus: Staphylococcus Species: S. epidermidis
Binomial name
Staphylococcus epidermidis

Description and significance

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram positive coccus, a normal inhabitant of the human skin that grows in clusters. It is an aerobic organism but is yet capable of growing anaerobically when placed in a standardized, complex medium of glucose. Research studies reveal that S. epidermidis lives in close association with S. aureus, a very destructive pathogen.

Even though a coagulase-negative gram bacterium, S. epidermidis has been lately classified among the most important pathogens responsible for divers nosocomial infections. Most strains are highly resistant to multiple antibiotics, such as penicillin, tetracycline, methicillin and many more, which makes it very difficult to treat the infections resulting from these bacteria. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Nosocomial infection surveillance system, S. epidermidis is responsible for 33.5% of nosocomial blood stream infections.

Pathology

Most infections caused by S. epidermidis affect hospital patients because these organisms develop structures called biofilms on the surface of implanted medical devices. These biofilms result from the agglomeration of bacterial cells that are contained in an exopolysaccharide matrix, the slime, to produce a very dense and protected environment from the host defense systems and antibiotics. They not only provide protection from the host but they also result in the damage of surrounding tissues of the host.

Skin and tissues infections, post-surgical wounds are the common points of entry for infection by S. epidermis. This bacterium accounts for most catheter-related infections, joint replacement infections, the majority of prosthetic cardiac valve infections and infections following postneurosurgical procedures.