Partisan realignment
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A partisan realignment (often just realignment) is a durable shift in a political system's configuration of voters' partisan identifications and political parties' vote shares. Some realignments occur fairly suddenly as a result of a single critical election; other, secular realignments occur gradually over the course of several election cycles.
Realignment theory
Within political science, the concept of partisan realignment stems from two articles published by V.O. Key, Jr. in the Journal of Politics during the 1950s: "A Theory of Critical Elections" (1955) and "Secular Realignment and the Party System" (1959).