Nuclear proliferation/Bibliography
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- Please sort and annotate in a user-friendly manner. For formatting, consider using automated reference wikification.
- Making the world safe for nuclear energy Deutch, Kantor, Moniz, Poneman, 2006, Survival 46(4):65-79 DOI:10.1080/00396330412331342466
- proposal for a Nuclear Suppliers Group to support nations that agree to non-proliferation. - Safeguards to prevent nuclear proliferation World Nuclear Association, 2021.
- ThorCon Safeguards and Security Version: 1.31, 2019. Some uranium reactors have a brief period in their fuel cycle where weapons-grade Pu-239 can be extracted from the partially used fuel. ThorCon has a good discussion of these risks and their safeguards to counter that risk.
- Plentiful Energy The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, Charles Till & Yoon Chang, 2011. Chapter 12: Nonproliferation Aspects of the IFR has a good discussion of how pyroprocessing can make proliferation very difficult.
- Thorium fuel has risks Stephen F. Ashley, et.al. 2012, Nature volume 492, pages 31–33. Some thorium reactors with on-site fuel processing may be vulnerable to skimming of a small fraction of U-233 from the process loop.
- Thorium power has a protactinium problem Eva C. Uribe, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 6 August 2018.
- Explosive Properties of Reactor Grade Plutonium J. Carson Mark, Science & Global Security, 1993, pp.111-128.
- Reactor-Grade Plutonium Can be Used to Make Powerful and Reliable Nuclear Weapons Richard L. Garwin, 26 August 1998.
- Kryuchkov et.al. 2011, Isotopic Uranium and Plutonium Denaturing as an Effective Method for Nuclear Fuel Proliferation Protection in Open and Closed Fuel Cycles, DOI:10.5772/17822 How nuclear fuel can be made useless for bombs by denaturing (diluting fissile isotopes with hard-to-separate non-fissile, e.g. diluting U-235 with U-238) and by adding a radiation barrier (isotopes that will make stolen fuel easy to detect, hard to handle, and make a bomb fizzle, not detonate).
- Ashley, S., Parks, G., Nuttall, W. et al. Thorium fuel has risks. Nature 492, 31–33 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/492031a